2 Domesticated Animals. 



The White Cattle of Chillingham Park, North- 

 Chillmg-ham ^^^ijeriand (like those of certain other British 

 Park Cattle, p^^j.]^^)^ ^^^^ ag already mentioued, seini-albinos, 

 descended (as indicated by their red or black ears) from dark- 

 coloured Cattle, allied to the Welsh, or Pembroke, breed, which is 

 one of the oldest in Britain, and nearly related to the Aurochs. 

 There is a white strain of Pembroke Cattle, with the ears, muzzle 

 and fetlocks black, to which the Chillingham Cattle come very close. 

 In shape the black-tipped horns of the Pembroke and Chilliughain 

 breeds are identical. Pembroke Cattle show, however, a tendency 

 to develop into the long-horned type, and there is little doubt that 

 the under-mentioned White Cattle formerly kept at Chartley Park, 

 Staffordshire, are a breed showing this tendency. In the Chilling- 

 ham Cattle the eare were formerly red, but are now black. Red ears 

 could easily be developed from black ones by a kind of degenerate 

 modification. The Aurochs appears to have been generally black, 

 at least in the case of the bulls, but there may have been a red race, 

 or possibly the cows may have been of that colour. 



The Chillingham breed is represented in the collection by a bull, 

 the gift of the Earl of Tankerville (1890) ; the heads of a bull and 

 a cow, also presented by Lord Tankerville in 1885 ; and the skeleton 

 of a bull, presented by the Duke of Hamilton in 1890. 



, The white breed of Pembroke Cattle is refeiTcd to 

 ^®"^|"j°^® on page 241 of Low's ' Domesticated Animals of the 

 British Islands ' as having been formerly common 

 in that county, and a herd is still kept by Mr. C. Matthias, of 

 Lamphey Court and Rhysgwyllt, Pembrokeshire. As mentioned by 

 Low, these cattle are wholly white, with the exception of the 

 inside and part of the outside of the ears, the muzzle, and the 

 feet as far up as the fetlock-joints, which are black. In these 

 respects, as well as in the form of their black-tipped horns, they 

 are essentially the same as the Chillingham Park breed, although 

 the coat is shorter and more sleek. They prove beyond doubt that 

 the Chillinghams are albino Pembrokes, while the latter are iis 

 undoubtedly the direct descendants of the Aurochs. 



It is noteworthy that on page 307 of Low's book reference is 

 made to the fact that, when transferred from its native mountains 

 to the lowlands, the Pembroke breed displays a tendency towards 

 the Long-horn type, and it seems, indeed, to have been Low's 

 opinion that the Long-horn breed is a derivative of the Pembroke. 

 This opinion is exceedingly important, for it serves to bring the 



