Chartley Cattle. . 3 



Chartley Cattle, which are evidently of the Lon^-hora type, into line 

 with the Pembroke, and thus with the Chillinjj;ham breed. They 

 iu-c, in fact, albinos of that section of Pembrokes which has given 

 rise to the Long-horns, just as the Chillinghams are derived from 

 albinos of the typical mountainous Pembroke breed. The tendency 

 to black brindling in strawberry-roan Long-horns is doubtless a 

 throw-back to the ancestral colour, the normal roan or red being 

 easily derived from the black Pembroke, as is exemplified by several 

 local strains of that breed, and likewise by the red ears, which, as the 

 result of selection, formerly characterised the Chillingham breed. 



The normal black Pembroke breed is at present represented in 

 the collection by the mounted head of an ox. 



Most of the small remnant of the herd of White 

 ^^}^. Cattle which had been maintained since the year 

 Park Cattle. -^248 at Chartley Park, Staffordshire, was acquired 

 a few years ago by the Duke of Bedford and transported to Woburn 

 Park. Soon after the arrival of the herd at its new home in 1906 two 

 of the cows died from tubercle, when their skulls were presented by 

 the Duke to the Museum, where they are now exhibited on the top of 

 one of the Cattle cases. As may be seen by comparison with those 

 of other breeds exhibited on and in the same case, the Chartley 

 skulls differ widely from the type characteristic of the Chillingham 

 and Pembroke breeds in the setting-on and shape of the horns, and 

 come much nearer in this respect to the Hereford, Devon, and 

 Long-horn breeds, all of which are probably more or less nearly 

 related. The horns, for instance, are not set upon the very topmost 

 ridge of the skull, but somewhat below this ; and instead of being 

 directed upwards in the pitchfork style characteristic of the Chilling- 

 hams and Pembrokes, bend downwards and inwards in the Long-horn 

 and Hereford fashion. Moreover, although the horns are somewhat 

 darker at their terminations than elsewhere, they do not show the 

 well-defined black tips characteristic of the Chillingham and 

 Pembroke type. So far as their skulls and horns are concerned, 

 the Chartley Cattle appear to be more nearly related to the Long -horn 

 and Hereford breeds than to the Chillingham, Pembroke, and 

 Short-horn strains. On the other hand, the Chartley, like the 

 Chillingham Cattle, exhibit a marked tendency to throw back to a 

 black type ; and a cow and her calf among the survivors of the herd 

 sent to Woburn were wholly black. Now black is not to be met 

 with (at all events normally) either among the Devons, Herefords, 

 or Long-horns ; red being characteristic of the two former, while 



B 2 



