6 Domesticated Aitimais. 



A nearly allied breed is represented in the collection by a 

 miniature model of an Allgau bull, from Hungary, which was 

 purchased in li)01. 



Although there are at present no examples in the Museum, 

 reference may be made to the black and white or brown and white 

 Dutch Cattle, which seem to approximate to the Ayrshire breed, and 

 have spread from Holland over a large part of Germany. They are 

 regarded as direct descendants of the Aurochs. 



In the Volhynian province of Poland occurs a breed resembling 

 in general characters the ordinary black and white or chestnut and 

 white cattle of Western Continental Europe. In a very considerable 

 percentage of these cattle (whether the dark areas are black or 

 chestnut) a broad and uninterrupted white stripe runs along the 

 whole length of the spinal region ; the rest of the body being pied 

 in the ordinary manner. This white dorsal line gives to those 

 individuals in which it occurs a unique and unmistakable appearance, 

 this peculiar type of colouring being apparently less common in the 

 Dutch breed, in which, however, it may sometimes be seen. As 

 already mentioned, the Aurochs (which survived to a later date in 

 Poland than elsewhere) is known to have had a light dorsal stripe in 

 its otherwise black coat, a trace of this being noticeable in some of 

 the black Spanish fighting bulls. If the domesticated cattle of 

 Poland be the descendants of the wild race, it seems probable that, 

 with the development of partial albinism, the light dorsal line of the 

 ancestral fonn would be the first area to turn white ; and that this 

 white stripe would have a strong tendency to persist in the breed, 

 even when a further advance towards albinism is displayed by the 

 replacement of the black areas by chestnut. In the form, colouring, 

 and direction of their horns the Polish Cattle are essentially Aurochs- 

 like, and in the prevalence of the white dorsal band appear to 

 present further evidence of near kinship with the ancestral 

 Wild Ox. 



Very different to any of the above are the large pale-coloured 

 and long-horned Podolian and Hungarian Cattle. The latter are 

 represented by a miniature model of the Hungarian bull, ' Hunyadi,' 

 bred at Meszhegyes, as well as by the model of a second bull of the 

 same type. 



These models (which were acquired by purchase) show that in the 

 bulls of this breed the general drab colouring is relieved by black 

 markings round the eyes, and on the muzzle, dewlap, and other 

 parts of the head and body. In the oxen, on the other hand, as 

 represented by a fine head exhibited in the wall-case and purchased 



