8 Domesticated Animals. 



monuments of these countries. This hirge-horned breed of light- 

 coloured Cattle, it htis been suggested, is derived from the Zebu or 

 Humped Cattle by the elimination of the hump as the result of 

 selection. Be this as it may, the breed seems to be of Eastern 

 origin, and to have been imported into Spain in a domesticated 

 condition. 



Such a breed introduced by the Greeks and Romans cannot but 

 have modified and absorbed the indigenous Spanish Cattle, and it is 

 to this G rjcco-Iloman importation that the uniform colour of the 

 Cattle of northern Spain is due. It is known that fawn or chestnut 

 was specially favoured by the ancient Romans in their Cattle, and it is 

 this colour which is most prevalent among the Cattle of Gallego and 

 Navarra. Nevertheless, there are a certain number of white Cattle 

 which may be the descendants of the Roman sacrificial breed. 



The existence of the large-horned and light-coloured breed of 

 Cattle in the Peninsula during Celto-Iberian times being proved, it 

 remains to demonstrate the })resence, at the second epoch, of Cattle 

 resembling the modern Castilian and Andalucian breeds. The most 

 important piece of evidence is the 'stone of Clunia,' which 

 was in existence in Penal va in 1774, but subsequently destroyed. 

 On this Celto-Iberian monument was represented a bull-fighter, in 

 full array, prepared to receive the charge of a bull, while the legend 

 is the ancient equivalent for a bull-fight. 



In this monument (unlike those of the same period already 

 referred to) the bull is represented with horizontally-directed horns 

 of the type of those of the Castilian and Andalucian breeds and also 

 of the Aurochs. Whether the animal depicted was a wild bull (the 

 Aurochs doubtless existing at this date in Spain as in the rest of 

 Europe) or a domesticated individual cannot be definitely deter- 

 mined ; but it indicates the existence in the Celto-Iberian epoch of 

 Cattle with the Aurochs-type of horns. In accord with this is the 

 close resemblance of the modern Spanish Cattle of the Castilian 

 breeds to the Aurochs, as described and figured by Herberstain in 

 the sixteenth century. Not only have the horns the same general 

 form and direction, but the black hue of the modern breeds is the 

 same as that of their extinct relative ; while more important still is 

 the fact that both the Aurochs and the Castilian bulls show a 

 fawn-coloured line lunning down the middle of the back. 



It has accordingly been suggested that the Cattle of central Spain 

 are the direct descendants of the wild Aurochs. The southern or 

 Andalucian breeds seem, on the other hand, to have been crossed 

 with Cattle imported by the Arabs, which would account for their 



