Spanish Cattle. 9 



inferior size and frequently piebald colouring. The difference in 

 size between the large Gallego and the small Navarra Cattle of the 

 northern type may be largely due to the mountain habitat of the 

 latter. The Castilian and Andalucian bulls and those of the Navarra 

 breed of the northern type are employed in the ring, while the large 

 Gallego Cattle are those used for draught and agriculture. 



The affiliation of the black Castilian, and in a less degree the 

 Andalucian, breeds of Spanish Cattle to the wild Aurochs strengthens 

 the opinion as to the existence of an intimate relationship between 

 ancient Welsh and Irish breeds, like the Pembroke and Kerry, to 

 the latter. 



Of not less interest is a theory that the large-horned and dun- 

 coloured northern Spanish breed of Cattle, together with the large, 

 light-coloured Cattle of Greece, Italy, and certain other parts of 

 southern Europe, are descended from the humped Zebu. This 

 approximation to the Zebu type is shown by the horns of the two 

 heads of Spanish Draught Cattle presented by the King to the 

 Museum, which are exhibited in the case on the south-west side of 

 the North Hall. 



The horns of all Humped Cattle — both Indian and African — 

 differ from those of the Aurochs and the related types of European 

 domesticated cattle by their distinctly lyrate shape, the first main 

 curve having the convexity in front instead of behind. Their 

 tendency is also to grow upwards and backwards, rather than 

 forwards, and they may be, as in the Galla Cattle, very large. 

 Other characteristics of the Zebu are to be found in the large 

 dewlap, and the white rings round the eyes and the fetlocks ; the 

 light fetlock-rings being remarkably constant in all the half-breeds 

 so common in Northern India. Now, Spanish Draught Cattle of the 

 Gallego breed not only exhibit an approximation to the Zebu, and 

 especially to the Galla, type in the direction, curvature and size of 

 the horns, but also show a similar large dewlap, and light rings 

 round the eyes and the fetlocks. The horns of the large whitish 

 Italian Cattle also approximate, especially in direction, to the same 

 type ; and to a certain extent a similar feature is noticeable in the 

 horns of the large pale-coloured Podolian and Hungarian Cattle, 

 breeds which also have a large dewlap, and, despite their light 

 colour, traces of white rings round the eyes and the fetlocks. 



The foregoing features observable in the north Spanish and 

 other light-coloured South European Cattle are those we should 

 expect to find retained in breeds descended from the Zebu, which 

 have been so altered by selection and crossing (probably with the 



