10 DomesticatecC Anhnals. 



indigenous Cattle of Europe) as to have lost the characteristic hump 

 of the ancestral stock. 



This Zebu ancestry can, however, only be regarded as a sugges- 

 tion, vrliich accords with the available facts, and if confinned would 

 clear up many difficulties. 



Whether the Zebu theory be true or not, there appears to be 

 justification for assuming a dual ancestry for the Cattle of Europe. 

 On the one hand we have the Aurochs-like breeds, such as the 

 Castilian, Andalucian, Channel Island, Pembroke, Kerry, Highland, 

 and white Park Cattle, which are evidently the direct descendants of 

 the wild Aurochs, and are usually uniformly black or chestnut in 

 colour, except when they display albinism. On the other side are 

 the large-horned north Spanish, Italian, Grecian, and Hungarian 

 breeds, which are all light-coloured animals, with large dewlaps and 

 white rings round the eyes and fetlocks, and arc almost certainly the 

 descendants of a second ancestral stock. 



The following are some of the chief herds kept for the ring : — 



Of the northern, or Navarra, breed, the best are Perez Laborda's 

 and Jiizazo's, both at Tudela, near the Aragon border ; othere, of a 

 mountain type, are kept near Tolosa, on the Guiyuzcoa side of the 

 range. 



Of the central, or Castilian, breed, the herd of Maspnle, of 

 Valladolid, to which belonged the famous 'Senorito,' was incor- 

 porated with that of the Marques de Gartiria, of Gijon. The 

 Duque de Veragua's herd, dating from 1780, and known as 'La 

 Munoza,' of Aranjuez, was incorporated with that of Ulloa, from 

 Utrera, Andalucia, and is thus mixed. North of Madrid are the 

 herds of Gomez, Aleas, Vicente Martinez, and Fuentes ; the two 

 last known as ' de la Moral zarzal,' and renowned for strength and 

 bravery. Another Castilian herd is that of Don Estaban Hernandez. 

 There are also herds in La Manclia, such as those of Flores ; Barbeni, 

 near Ciudad Real ; Escalera at Menasalva, near Toledo ; as well as 

 in Estremadura and at Villarubia. Others, again, are kept near 

 Cordova, for instance the herds of Gutien'ez at Almodovar and of 

 Rivero. 



Of the southern, or Andalucian, breed the following herds exist 

 or recently existed near Seville, viz. : Miura, Camara, Muruve, 

 Perez de la Concha, Anastasio Martin, Ybarress, Marques del 

 Saltillo, Lesaca, Hernandez (Freire), Barquero, Benjumea, Concha 

 Sierra, and Adalid. Others are Barrero, at Jerez de la Frontera ; 

 Larraz, at San Lucar de Barramcda ; and Herrara, at Puerto de 

 Santa Maria. 



