Humped Cattle. 11 



. The Niatu Cattle of Soiith America are cliaracteriscd by 



the remarkable sborteninjij of the bones of the nose and 

 ' muzzle, the latter of which is much turned up, the palate 

 being in consequence highly convex. The lower jaw projects in 

 front of the muzzle. In colour these Cattle are generally black and 

 white. They are represented in the collection by a skull of a Niatu 

 Ox, from Buenos Aires, presented by Mr. G. Claraz in 1887. 



.... In the big case on the south-west side of the North Ilall 

 is exhibited a mounted heiid of a cow of the long-horned 

 ' Ankoli, or Uganda, Cattle ; a skull and horns of a bull 

 of the Siune species being shown on one of the pillars. The Ankoli 

 Cattle (fig. 2) have no hump, and while the bulls are generally white, 

 the cows are red. Their enormous horns are characterised by extreme 

 slenderness, smoothness, upright direction, and wide separation — 

 features in which they differ widely from those of the Galla Cattle. 

 They are, moreover, placed at a much greater distance above the 

 eyes than is the case in the Indian Zebu. In general form the skulls 

 and horns of the Ankoli Cattle approximate to those of the nmch 

 smaller ancient Egyptian breed, examples of which are exhibited in the 

 same case. That these Cattle were also humpless is shown in an illus- 

 tration of a fresco of the fifth dynasty, about B.C. 300 (fig. 1), framed 

 on the pillar carrying the Ankoli bull skull. It thus seems probable 

 that the modern Ankoli and the ancient Egyptian breeds are closely 

 allied. The latter were identified by Dr. E. Lortet, in the Archives 

 of the Lyons Museum for 1903, with the Bos africanns of Fitzinger 

 and Brehm, that is to say, with the Calla Cattle, with which they 

 have nothing to do. In 1904 the name Bos (Bgyptiacus was proposed 

 by the author of the present Guide-Book for the ancient Egyptian 

 Cattle, as typified by Dr. Lortet in the volume cited ; the question 

 being left open whether these cattle (to which the x\nkoli breed may 

 be provisionally affiliated) should be regarded as a distinct species, or 

 merely as a local race of the European Ox {Bos taurus). 



„ H ^ perfectly distinct species is represented by the Humped 



^ Cattle, or Zebu {Bos indicus), of India and Africa, some 

 of the characteristics of which have been already 

 mentioned under the heading of Spanish Cattle. These Cattle take 

 their name from the presence of a large fleshy hump on the withers ; 

 but they are also distinguished from ordinary Cattle by the form of 

 their horns (in which the first curve is forward instead of backAvard), 

 and the general presence of a whitish ring above each eye and round 

 each fetlock. In India the colour, which may vary from very pale 



