42 Domesticated Animals. 



Venn.' Althouo^li only 11 months old at the time of his death 

 ' Neotsfield ' hud won several prizes, and wjus valued at £100. The 

 skull was presented by Mr. H. Wormsley (the breeder and owner) 

 in 1 907. Another example of the modern breed is the skull of the 

 female Bull-dog ' Tomsh,' a first prize-winner in 1891 and 1893. 

 This specimen was presented by Mr. J. W. Rose in 1901. As a 

 contrast to the above, the visitor should inspect two reputed skulls of 

 the Old English Bull-dog, which, as already mentioned, was much more 

 like a Mastiff than is the modern breed. One of these specimens 

 (fig. 23) was presented by Mr. E. Gerrard before 1860, while the 

 second was also in the collection at the date mentioned. It is, how- 

 ever, uncertain whether these skulls may not belong to Bull-Terriers 

 (see page 43). 



_, , The Pug, which is believed to take its name from 



° ° ' the Latin pwjnus, a fist (in allusion to its short 

 and square face), is evidently related to the Mastiff and the Bull-dog, 

 although the history of its descent is lost. It is believed, however, 

 to have been originally produced in Holland, at a comparatively 

 recent date. At any rate it was fashionable in that country in the 

 time of King William III., by whom numerous specimens were 

 brought to England, where the breed has ever since been popular. 

 The Pug appears to have been always a fawi-coloured dog with a 

 black face and curly tail ; but about the middle of the nineteenth cen- 

 tury two distinct strains — the Willoughby and the Morrison — were 

 established. The former was characterised by the cold stone-fawn 

 colour, and the excess of black, which showed itself in the completely 

 or nearly black head and in the presence of a large ' saddle-mark ' or 

 wide ' traces.' The Morrison strain, on the other hand, luul a 

 richer and yellower fawn, with no extra blackness. The two strains 

 are, however, now more or less completely blended. There is also a 

 black breed, of very modern origin. Owing to the shortness of the 

 jaws, the teeth of the Pug are crowded together, so much so that 

 tiie premolar teeth frequently have their longer diameter placed 

 transversely instead of longitudinally. A similar feature often occurs 

 in the skulls of Pekinese and Japanese Spaniels and other Lap-dogs 

 (fig. 20). The breed is represented by a specimen purchased in 1 908. 



„, P , The St. Bernard and the Tibet Dog appear to be 



, the descendants of a very ancient breed dating from 



_,.._. ancient Assyrian times, and represented by the 



^ * ' Molossi ' of classic Greece and Rome (fig. 19). In 

 their long hair they are quite different from true Mastiffs. The 

 St. Bernard is represented in the collection by ' The Deemster,' who 



