242 PRINCIPLES OF FARM PRACTICE 



fawn shading into black. Its milk production is low in 

 quantity as compared with the Holstein, but high in per- 

 centage of butter fat. For beef and veal it is of little value. 



The Jersey is sensitive in disposition, becoming docile 

 and easily managed if treated gently, but the reverse if 

 abused. 



Guernsey. This breed is similar to the Jersey in many 

 respects. It is somewhat larger and more angular. Its 

 colors tend toward reddish yellow or orange fawn, with white 

 markings. The milk and butter produced by Guernseys have 

 a higher color than that of any other breed. In quantity of 

 milk and percentage of butter fat, this breed does not differ 

 greatly from that of the Jersey. 



Dairy Shorthorn. - A reference was made in Chapter XXII 

 to the high rank of the Shorthorn as a milk producer. This 

 characteristic of the Shorthorn is of especial advantage 

 to the farmer who keeps but few cows. Cows of this breed 

 will not only supply sufficient milk for his needs but also 

 produce calves that can be developed into superior beef 

 cattle. 



Feeding dairy cattle. The percentage of butter fat in the 

 milk of each animal remains nearly constant, regardless of 

 the amount or character of feed used, but a good ration may 

 increase the percentage slightly. The quantity of milk, on 

 the other hand, depends largely on the ration. 



A maintenance ration, explained in Chapter XX, is about 

 the same for all dairy animals of the same weight. But the 

 productive ration varies according to the capacity of the 

 animal for milk production the larger the capacity for 

 milk production, the greater the ration. The following table 

 shows the nutrients required in a maintenance ration for 

 cows of various weights: 



