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used, the bullocks' feet sink in. When a break in the 

 rain occurs, and the land gets dry or butur, as it is 

 called it can be weeded ; but the breaks are rare, and in 

 rich soil the weeds would extirpate the plant before the 

 hoe got its chance. A good system of subsoil draining 

 might do something to remedy this,, but at present the 

 result is that mar and rabur lands are devoted entirely to 

 rubbee ; the lighter lands produce the khureef crops. 

 There is a debateable class of land, the morin, in which 

 either class of crop can be sown, and there rotation can 

 be followed ; but for all practical purposes at present, 

 black soil, level land, and land growing rubbee crops, are 

 convertible terms, while undulating, light, and khureef 

 lands convey one and the same idea. The soil round 

 villages is called khera, a word which originally meant 

 the raised mound on which a village is placed, and which 

 is applied to mean both the village and the soil of the 

 mound round the village. From its saltness it is good 

 for tobacco, and maize (mukla) is also grown on it ; but 

 though it is enriched by animal refuse, it is not regularly 

 manured, and has not the same value as the gowhan laud 

 of Hindus tan 



Analysis of Soils. 



I submitted three samples of black soil to Mr. D. 

 Waldie, of the Barn-agore Chemical Works, near Calcutta, 

 for examination and analysis ; and I now proceed to give 

 the results, together with extracts from his report. The 

 samples were taken from Puchlaora, a village in the 

 Rajwara pergunnah ; from Rehsulpore, the finest village 

 in the Hoshungabad pergunnah ; and from Chewul, a 

 village in the Taptee valley, where the black soil is still 

 almost virgin, and produces a crop of about twelvefold. 

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