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rapidly dried up by the direct rays of the sun. In 

 America the ridges are five to seven feet apart and 

 ten inches high, but for the Indian cotton-plant a 

 distance of three feet is sufficient. 



Mr. Login, to whom we are deeply indebted for 

 his trouble in introducing the Egyptian method of 

 cotton cultivation into India, describes the process 

 of ridging as follows : 



" To many this may appear a difficult process, though 

 int fact it is most simple, once the men get into the way 

 of working the jindrah, which is a shovel made from a 

 one-inch plank about two feet long and nine inches deep, 

 the lower edge of the plank being chamfered off a 

 little, like the edge <*f a chisel, so as to give a slightly 

 cutting edge. At right-angles to the length of the 

 boards, and at the back of it, is attached a pole some 

 eight feet long, so that this shovel has something the 

 appearance of the letter T inverted, the arms being 

 the board. 



" A rope is attached to the two arms like a punka rope, 

 which a man pulls, while another holds the pole or handle 

 and directs the shovel ; so that at each complete motion, 

 one-half of a ridge two feet in length is thrown up, and 

 it is completed in a similar manner when the men pass 

 down the other side of the ridge. The work is both 

 simple and expeditious, which most cultivators in this 

 neighbourhood perfectly understand ; for whenever there 

 is irrigation from wells, they throw up similar ridges to 

 divide their field into small squares called kearaha, 

 some two hundred square feet in area, so as to prevent 

 the waste of water." 



