280 - 



modes of culture that is, that the ridge system 

 exceeds the broadcast by one-quarter the sums 

 Rs. 17-6-5 and Rs. 13-13-1 must far exceed the 

 outlay of a native cultivator ; for at the Chundee 

 farm the work was not started till the last week in 

 May, and highly -paid labour had to be employed. 



With the native cultivator, on the other hand, 

 time would be of no consequence, and he would 

 never think of carrying on farming by daily- 

 paid labour and hired bullocks ; and, in addition 

 to this, weeding -which in this case is the largest 

 item costs the zemindar comparatively little, as 

 the grass obtained by weeding is utilized as fodder 

 for cattle. 



For the above reasons, almost one-third might 

 be fairly deducted from the above amounts, but 

 even if we reduce them only by one-fourth, we 

 have Rs. 13-0-10 and Rs. 10-6-0 for the two 

 systems ; so, if to this Rs. 13 an acre we add 

 Rs. 7 for land-rent and manure, the whole outlay 

 in cultivating by the Egyptian system, where 

 irrigation is available, can hardly exceed Rs. 25 an 

 acre, while Rs. 20 will be sufficient to cover all 

 expenses where there is not, against Rs. 17-5-2 

 by the broadcast or native system. 



