USES OF RICE 215 



In some countries rye is much used in bread-making, but it is 

 less used for human food in America. The bread is dark in color. 

 A few breakfast foods contain some rye. The chief use of the grain 

 is for the manufacture of alcohol and beverages. It is used in 

 combination with other grains for the feeding of hogs, horses and 

 other livestock. 



The rye crop is much grown as a winter cover crop, and as 

 green manure in all parts of the country. 



The flowers of the rye plant are readily cross-pollinated and 

 distinct varieties cannot be kept distinct as with other small grain 

 cereals, which are self-pollinated. For this reason improved varie- 

 ties are not permanent. 



Culture. Reasonably fair yields of rye may be produced on 

 poorer soils, as compared with wheat or oats, but the crop re- 

 sponds well to good treatment and rich soil. The preparation of 

 the soil and seeding are the same as for wheat. As a grain crop 

 rye is seldom started in the spring, but if spring sowing is tried it 

 should be very early, and more seed used because the plants will 

 not stool out so much. For fall seeding about five to seven pecks 

 of seed are used per acre. If the crop is to be used for grain only 

 it can be sown much later than wheat. 



RICE 



This crop stands fifth in the list of the world's greatest agri- 

 cultural products. It has long been extensively grown in China, 

 India and other parts of the Old World, but its growth in this 

 country is quite limited. Lowland rice has been grown for two 

 centuries along the coastal regions of South Carolina, and has ex- 

 tended from there to North Carolina, Georgia and Florida. After 

 the Civil War the growing of lowland rice was much developed in 

 the river bottoms of Louisiana. A generation later upland rice 

 was introduced from China and Japan and was extensively grown 

 in the southwest part of Louisiana and eastern Texas. This sec- 

 tion now produces the bulk of the American product, which is es- 

 timated at from fifteen to twenty-five million bushels per year. 



Uses of Rice. The crop is chiefly used for human 'food. 

 The husks are removed and the seed is usually polished for the 

 American trade, but not for use in the Old W T oiid. Unpolished 

 rice is better for cooking, if it can be obtained. A by-product of 

 rice, called "rice polish' 7 resulting from the polishing process, is 

 used for livestock. Rice hulls are sometimes ground with this, but 



