APPLE WORM OR CODLING MOTH 401 



addition of kerosene or tar, or other destructive material, to the 

 dust in the furrow. Another practical remedy is to thoroughly 

 destroy in the fall or winter all hiding places, such as grass and 

 rubbish, in or near fields where the bugs have been injurious. 

 Cooperation in these efforts among farmers of a neighborhood has 

 been tried with much success. 



The Hessian fly is one of the most serious pests infesting 

 wheat. There are several broods in a season. The insects attack 

 fall grain near the surface of the ground and pass the winter in 

 the pupa stage, or so-called "flaxseed stage." The adults emerge 

 in the spring and lay their eggs in the bases of the leaves of 

 wheat, grasses and similar plants. The crop is stunted in growth 

 and often so weak that little or no grain can be produced. 



The best remedies are to plow early and deep and sow the grain 

 late. If a "volunteer" crop of grain sprouts early from waste 

 seed this should be disked in or carefully destroyed. 



Apple Worm or Codling Moth. The adult is a small moth 

 which lays eggs in the green calyx leaves of the fruit just after 

 the petals fall. The insects attack apples, pears and quinces. 

 The larva; when hatched from the eggs eat their way to the core 

 of the fruit and feed near it until full grown. They then emerge 

 and fall to the ground, form cocoons in the bark of the tree or in 

 rubbish near the tree. There is usually but one brood in northern 

 latitudes, two broods in middle latitudes and perhaps three or more 

 in the South. The fall brood passes the winter in the pupa stage. 



The best remedy is to spray the trees thoroughly with poison, 

 such as Paris green or arsenate of lead just after the petals fall. 

 This must be done before the calyx cup has closed, or before the 

 small fruits have begun to droop. If poison falls in the calyx cup 

 the larva will be destroyed and no damage follows. Sound fruit 

 is easily produced where such spraying is practiced. A second 

 spraying should be done about two weeks after the first. In some 

 sections it is necessary to spray about the time the most eggs are 

 laid for the second brood later in the season. 



Other methods of combating this serious pest are : (1) Destroy 

 all fallen fruit in the early part of summer, as these are usually 

 infested with larvaB. This is best done by allowing hogs or sheep 

 to run in the orchard a few weeks at this time of year. (2) Band- 

 ing the tree-trunks with burlap or heavy paper in the fall is some- 

 times practiced. This traps many larvae and pupa which may be de- 

 stroyed by removing the bands and crushing or burning the insects. 

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