KIN AESTHETIC PKOCESSES IN THE WHITE RAT 15 



inserted at the same absolute location in the room, i.e., it was 

 inserted at what had before been the point of choice at the top 

 of the T. The entrance-stop was used at the new extrance. 

 Except for this all cues from within the maze were now in new 

 locations. The external environment, the entrance-stop, and 

 the kinaesthetic relations remained relatively unchanged. The 

 control did not disturb the rat. (4) Obstructions were now 

 placed in the alleys as indicated in figure 2. These were parti- 

 tions extending one-half way across the alley. They forced the 

 rat to run in a serpentine path and thus varied the general nature 

 of the kinaesthesis. The animal's habit broke down com- 

 pletely in the first trial as soon as it encountered the first ob- 

 struction. This was undoubtedly due to distraction from a novel 

 stimulus. When tested again on the second and fourth suc- 

 ceeding days, the rat ran normally with this control. 



When the rat was inserted in the apparatus under standard 

 conditions, the entrance-stop was in place across the entrance. 

 The animal turned, " nosed" the stop, and then ran. It was 

 thought, therefore, that the entrance-stop might give the initial 

 cue to the habit. (Control 2, as well as the observation just 

 presented, indicates the control which this stop exercises during 

 the running of the maze.) No test was made of this possibility 

 while the rat was making perfect reactions, but presumably the 

 results now to be described would have been secured had the test 

 been made at that time. Toward the close of the controls the rat 

 developed a habit of going always to the right on the first two 

 choices. The remaining eight choices then alternated perfectly. 

 It was decided to place the entrance-stop across the entrance 

 (in the position occupied on the first trial) at various times dur- 

 ing the day's work. When the animal was ready to run through 

 the central alley, the entrance-stop was to be shifted across the 

 entrance thus causing the rat to turn and "nose" the stop before 

 continuing the run. On the first day, this test was used when- 

 ever the rat would otherwise have gone to the left. In two out 

 of five times the cue derived from the shift overcame any ten- 

 dency to go left, and the rat ran to the right. On the second 

 day, the cue forced the rat to run to the right four times out of 



