16 WALTER S. HUNTER 



five. On the third day the entrance-stop was so shifted six 

 times, and five times the rat ran to the right when normally 

 it would have gone to the left. Choice of the turn to the right 

 was clearly conditioned, therefore, by the presence of the 

 entrance-stop. This response was also aroused normally by 

 running around the left side of the box and being forced into 

 the central alley by the stop as indicated by control 2. 



Interpretative comments. We may now comment upon the sig- 

 nificance of the data secured on the temporal maze as they throw 

 light upon problems connected with the spatial maze. Why can 

 rats not learn double alternation? The answer seems to be this : 

 The experience of running around the left side of the T (kinaes- 

 thetic, tactual, olfactory, etc.) can serve as a cue for going around 

 the right side of the T or for going around the left side of the T 

 again, but it cannot serve at one time for the first response and 

 at another tune for the second one. The rat can use the cue 

 either in going constantly around one side of the apparatus or 

 in going alternately from one side to the other. It cannot use 

 the same cue for both responses. This clearly excludes the pos- 

 sibility of mastering a temporal maze where the choices might 

 be arranged Irlllrrlrrrl. A given kinaesthetic complex may mean 

 either of several responses but it cannot mean now one and now 

 another without the addition of some selective element. The 

 experiments have also indicated the great difficulty with which 

 a simple alternating temporal maze is mastered. Here it was 

 possible to set up a chain of responses each link of which was the 

 stimulus for the next, but only one rat mastered the problem and 

 that after prolonged coaching. In addition we have seen reason 

 to attribute a certain indefinite amount of influence to cues de- 

 rived from the entrance-stop (in certain cases even the end-stop 

 played a r61e) . 



If the conventional account of the reactions in a spatial maze 

 were correct, the rat should be able to learn a temporal maze of 

 almost any complexity. It is said that in the former maze, the 

 kinaesthetic cue from running one segment controls the running 

 of the succeeding segment, so that a chain of proprio-ceptive 

 activity results. The work on the temporal maze indicates that 



