KINAESTHETIC PROCESSES IN THE WHITE RAT 7 



paratus and reached the point E, the end-stop was shifted to the 

 left alley (dotted position) and the entrance-stop was again 

 shifted to its central position. When the rat had run through 

 the right alley and reached about the point R, the entrance stop 

 was shifted to the dotted position on the left. It remained in 

 this position, until the rat was ready for two trials to the left 

 again. This method was followed until the rat had been forced 

 to run llrrllrrll, i.e., the regular ten trials. It should now be 

 clear why this problem is termed a temporal maze. The rat is 

 compelled to run through the same pathway in varying combi- 

 nation during successive moments of time. In the spatial maze 

 not only new moments of time are involved but also new portions 

 of space. Or to put the situation differently, in the spatial maze 

 the cues are distributed in new segments of space as well as in 

 new moments of time; while in the temporal maze, the cues must 

 arise in the same space during the ten trials, but will succeed 

 each other as a temporal sequence. The rat has demonstrated 

 his ability to master almost every degree of complexity in a 

 spatial maze. What are the limits of his ability in a temporal 

 one? The shifting of the end-stops was not noticed by the ani- 

 mals. It is possible that at times the shifting of the entrance- 

 stop was noticed and thus served to distract the animals. No 

 punishment was used and the animals were fed only at the close 

 of the day's test. 



The spatial maze illustrated in figure 3 was constructed in 

 order to present ten points of choice for the rat when running 

 forward along the true pathway. The correct choices were ar- 

 ranged in the sequence llrrllrrll. The maze was uncovered and 

 painted black, with alleys 8 inches deep. The T-shaped units 

 of this maze were arranged in series as is necessary in the con- 

 ventional maze. Therefore in addition to the qualitative cues 

 which arise as the animal runs, there will be either spatial char- 

 acteristics attaching to these cues or else special space cues con- 

 ditioned by the extended nature of the pathway. As contrasted 

 with this, the temporal maze has but one unit, and the space cues 

 are eliminated. 



