KINAESTHETIC PROCESSES IN THE WHITE RAT 5 



interval of twelve seconds between each trial. Punishment and 

 reward were used. All were given 200 trials, 50 days 7 work. 

 At the close of this period no rat had made significant progress 

 toward mastery. (Throughout the description of these experi- 

 ments the phrase "no progress toward mastery " means that there 

 was no evidence of improvement to justify the assumption that 

 if the tests were long continued learning would be completed.) 



Problem 3. The double alternation "temporal maze." Follow- 

 ing this series of failures to set up the double alternation habit 

 above described, an entirely new method was attempted. Al- 

 ternating behavior, whether it be simple, double, or more compli- 

 cated, is analogous to the running of a maze where the response 

 is interrupted from point to point and food given. Might it not 

 be if the rats were trained in a maze where the choices were 

 arranged in an llrrllrrll manner that, when transferred to the T- 

 box, they would be able to learn the double alternation problem? 

 In the first test we should have established a double alternation 

 habit in a conventional maze, and in the second test we should 

 be looking for a transfer of this kinaesthetic automatism to the 

 new conditions. It is true that if this transfer did not take 

 place, one could not conclude that the animals could not form 

 the double alternation habit, for there would be many novel con- 

 ditions that would work against a transfer. However, having 

 failed by the direct method of approach, the indirect method was 

 worth a trial. In order to make the T-box test more comparable 

 with the maze, it was converted into a temporal maze as shpwn in 

 figure 2. The conventional maze is termed by way of contrast 

 a spatial maze and is shown in figure 3. A further word of de- 

 scription of each of these mazes is necessary. 



The temporal maze was manipulated as follows: With the 

 entrance-stop as indicated in figure 2 and the end-stop on the 

 right, the animal was placed at E. When in the course of its 

 explorations, the animal came down the side alley to about the 

 point L, the entrance-stop was shifted to the dotted position on 

 the right. This left a circular path, with the one off-shoot to 

 the right, through which the rat might trace and retrace. After 

 the rat had made its second trip around the left side of the ap- 



