274 LINUS WARD KLINE 



alone I do not feel as secure as when I repeat the plan. It is like seeing 

 a person and then hearing him talk, or like trying to do something in 

 the dark and then doing it in the light." (An exaggerated figure, per- 

 haps, but it indicates the function of speech on the control of attention 

 and on overt movements) 6D3P. "I am more conscious this period 

 of the plan than in the preceding. Repeated the plan as a fence against 

 the noise of the tin cans." 



It was quite noticeable that unpleasant stimulus increased 

 repetition. 



2. Forming connection between the cards and their box-labels. 

 This task is closely related to the preceding and in fact the two 

 processes are mutually cooperative. But associating a card with 

 its assigned box, under the conditions, involved more than mere 

 connection between like or unlike colors, and between like or 

 unlike forms; because the association of the unlike was roughly 

 in opposition to the old association of the like (initial inhibition), 

 e.g., connecting S with D involved suppressing the normal bond 

 of S with S, the inhibiting force of which depended to some 

 extent on the subject's familiarity with cards. The typical 

 reports given below show the rise and fate of the mental opera- 

 tions employed. 



Normal conditions. Subject J. 3D2P. "With heart in hand I look 

 at once for empty box bearing corresponding number; and visualise the 

 box-label of the card whose suit has been mentally changed. Diamond 

 labels are sometimes confused with heart labels." 5D3P. "I am 

 held back by cards requiring translation for fear of making a wrong 

 throw. When before the case a card in hand recalls the box-label in 

 visual-motor imagery, when away from the case labels appear in visual 

 imagery only." 



Pleasant stimulus. Subject A. 17D6P. "Give no attention to 

 spades, they are the same as diamonds. Do not look at labels any- 

 more. Imagery of box label is visual-kinaesthetic. Caught myself 

 placing cards without looking at them or the box." Subject C. 6D3P. 

 "I could not get visual image of diamonds when I held spades in my 

 hand. Passed diamond boxes unnoticed and when discovered, it 

 annoyed me." 7D3P. "Substitution is growing easier in both audi- 

 tory and visual imagery." 9D4P. "The distributing process is in 



