276 LINUS WARD KLINE 



ties save a few instances in which hearts were confused with 

 diamonds and spades with clubs. The learning stages are: (1) 

 The subject rehearses the plan applicable to the card in hand. 

 (2) There is an incipient repetition of the plan reinforced by 

 visual imagery of box-label in some cases, or by kinaesthetic 

 imagery hi others. (3) There is a gradual fading of all forms 

 of imagery relating to box label and the distributing process 

 becomes automatic. 



In the second degree of constraint, when card and box-label 

 are unlike, forming the bond is more difficult for two reasons: 

 First, the unlikeness between card and box-label resists on its 

 own account the formation of an association; and, second, the 

 strong suggestive tendency to deliver the card to the box to 

 which it normally belongs forms a decided interference; the 

 attraction of like for like functioned as in initial inhibition to the 

 growth of association between card and unlike box-label. It 

 was also found in plan I that the inhibitions of spades to diamonds 

 were greater than diamonds to clubs. This was explained on 

 the ground that boxes labeled diamonds were visited one half 

 as often as those labeled clubs. The subjects repeated that 

 portion of the plan involving spades to diamonds from four to 

 twelve periods after they had neglected hearts and clubs alto- 

 gether. These facts are stressed here not only on account of 

 their bearing on the correlation between movements and their 

 accompanying feelings, to be considered below, but also for 

 their bearing on the question of interference between associa- 

 tions involving more or less contrary responses to the same 

 stimulus. 8 



3. Learning the location of the boxes. A study in place- 

 memory. Does the feeling quality of a movement used in de- 

 livering a card facilitate or inhibit learning the position of the 

 receiving box? A preliminary investigation made by Kline and 

 Owens (25) had already shown that boxes on the perimeter of 



This question originally discussed by Miinsterberg for motor responses and 

 further developed by Bergstrom and Bair has received recent attention by Culler 

 in his monograph on "Interference and Adaptability," Columbia University, 

 1912. 



