286 LINUS WARD KLINE 



the rational and sectional method make rapid initial progress, 

 while those using the trial and error did not reach their maximum 

 rates within the limits of the practice periods. 



c. No correlation whatever is observed to exist between the 

 conditions of practice, whether normal or with pleasant or un- 

 pleasant stimulus, and the rate of learning the order. 



d. All subjects made use of the knowledge of sequence of 

 movements. C, F, and G made considerable use of visual 

 imagery of boxes in connection with sequence of movements. 



e. Evidently learning the plan of the work, " establishing card," 

 and locating the boxes, all alike tended toward the suppression 

 of spades, and therefore interfered with the stack order arrange- 

 ment. But mapping the box sustains a probable correlative 

 relation to writing the order; for, since the order of the suit was 

 written largely from the kinaesthetic imagery, and especially 

 by those using the method of trial and error, and since it was 

 found that the location of certain boxes was difficult on account 

 of the nature of the movement approaching the box, it raises 

 the expectation that these movements should affect the learning 

 of the order of the cards involved. An examination of the records 

 of C, F, J, E and even G show that the 2 of D, K of D, 5 of C, 

 3 of H and 5 of H were uniformly among the last cards to be 

 properly arranged in the series, and it will be recalled that they 

 were among the last cards to be properly located. This compari- 

 son finds support in later considerations. 



/. While the order was being learned, and in some cases im- 

 mediately afterwards, it was either regarded as of no service or 

 as a hindrance. The next section indicates, however, that such 

 knowledge rendered a positive service to all who learned by " ra- 

 tional" and " sectional" methods. 



5. Synethesis between the order of cards and the sequence of 

 movements. The previous section foreshadowed a synthesis 

 between these two series of associations. The present section 

 traces the progress of the synthesis through the several con- 

 scious phases to the automatic stages and also indicates the role 

 of attention that accompanies the synthesizing process. 



