HABIT FORMATION AND FEELING QUALITIES 307 



6. Feeling tone excited by the distributing process. The intro- 

 spective reports on the feeling tones excited by the distributing 

 process both confirm and supplement considerably some earlier 

 observations on the same questions. Kline and Owens (25) 

 observed that the practice produced a "wide range of affective 

 tones and gave direct evidence bearing on the formation of a 

 number of the more common attitudes and feelings;" such as 

 bewilderment, confusion, distrust, anxiety, dread, hesitation, 

 strain and tension, humiliation, chagrin, confidence, satisfaction, 

 elation etc. These feelings and attitudes were prominent in the 

 present study and were related to the speed records both as 

 cause and effect. There appears to be no doubt that they both 

 lowered and heightened the records. But did they at the same 

 time hinder or facilitate learning, or were they neutral? Did the 

 feeling tones aroused by the kinaesthesis involved in the practice 

 and by the inherent conditions of the plan of the experiment 

 hinder or favor the learning? 



With the passing of the interest of novelty, of the early opti- 

 mism, of the satisfaction at the " lucky hits," there set in a con- 

 fused, bewildered, dazed feeling accompanied with eye-strain, 

 lurching of the whole body from side to side and to and fro, 

 thrusting, instead of lightly tossing, the card in the box after a 

 long search. Here, too, were attempts to storm or rush the 

 work only to recognize its futility. Then most of the subjects 

 settled down to appreciate the work more definitely by ascer- 

 taining vantage points and by devising plans and methods of 

 attack detailed on former pages. By such systematic procedure 

 the more formidable inhibitions, the more serious and permanent 

 confusions began to impress the subjects so that they were able 

 to report the feelings and attitudes involved. The reports show 

 that the feelings center about three sorts of activities, which 

 have already been mentioned, but call for critical notice here. 



First. Feeling tones grew out of the two substitutions, and 

 since they occurred in immediate succession, their effect was 

 cumulative. The order of the suit it will be recalled, ran C, D, S, 

 H and the substitutions fell on the inside cards, diamonds being 

 thrown to clubs' boxes and spades to diamonds, so that the 



