HABIT FORMATION AND FEELING QUALITIES 321 



If we consider only the movements of a " series" in plan I 

 of the table we find that the P reports ( +) for the rightward and 

 leftward movements are, respectively, 70 per cent and 53 per 

 cent, and that the U reports ( ) for the rightward and left- 

 ward movements are 10 per cent and 27 per cent, respectively. 

 Further the P ( -h) reports for right and left horizontal movements 

 are respectively 82 per cent and 51.5 per cent while the U ( ) 

 reports show 8.5 per cent for the horizontal right and 24 per cent 

 for the horizontal left per cent. Here then is a decided prefer- 

 ence for the rightward movement. And it should be borne in 

 mind that when the feeling qualities of these movements were 

 reported neither the experimenter nor the subjects were consider- 

 ing their directions. We were concerned with the movements as 

 they occurred in a system, whether or not they involved sub- 

 stitution of suit, etc. 



An inspection of the direction movements shown in table 6 by 

 letters reveals the same principle in a more evident way. Pre- 

 vailing leftward movements are associated with an increase in 

 inhibitions and U feelings and prevailing rightward movements 

 are connected with a decrease in inhibitions and with the higher 

 numbers of P feelings. In table 7 "P Reports" the twenty- 

 sixth movement of the array is the median. If the vertical 

 movements above and below the median be disregarded, there 

 remains above it 19 or 90 per cent of the 21 movements that are 

 leftward, and below it 18 or 81 per cent of the 22 movements 

 that are rightward. The movements in the array of the "U 

 Reports" bear practically the same ratios as to direction. 



3. Errors, dropped cards, and direction of movement. By far the 

 greater part of the errors were mechanical, consisting of cards 

 thrown into boxes adjacent to the correct box. Next in order 

 of frequency were errors of confusion. These consisted in mis- 

 taking a spade box for a club, or a heart for a diamond, or vice 

 versa. The fewest errors were those of ' ' motor attraction " caused 

 by the similarity of direction and of extent between two or more 

 movements occurring in different sequences. For example, 7 of 

 D, which occurred in the fourth 13, was frequently thrown to 

 7 of D owing to the fact that the 7 of S in the K~9~7 group of the 



