452 BOOK REVIEWS 



Chapter x describes the physiology of muscular work, mental arith- 

 metic, the effect of drugs on habit systems, the effect of climate and 

 other factors on the curve of work, some factors affecting the acquisi- 

 tion of habits, and a few other related topics. The final chapter is 

 devoted largely to an outline for the analytic study of personality, or 

 the "reaction mass as a whole." 



As a critical summary of the established facts of human behavior 

 this book is cordially welcomed, and as a source-book it is sure to have 

 a wide usefulness. How far it will prove adapted for use as a textbook 

 in American colleges will, of course, be decided by the teachers of 

 psychology themselves. The presentation is cast in a form so strongly 

 suggestive of the special plea of an advocate as to tend to appeal unfav- 

 orably to those not already of the author's way of thinking. And this 

 unfortunately applies to some who, like the reviewer, are thoroughly 

 sympathetic with the program suggested at the beginning of this 

 paragraph. 



Psychology, "from the standpoint of a behaviorist" just what is the 

 scope of the science (to recur to our first question) as thus restricted? 

 The reviewer must confess that a careful reading of the volume has 

 failed to yield up to him the answer. From the introductory definition 

 it may be inferred that attention is limited to human psychology: 

 "Psychology is that division of natural science which takes human 

 activity and conduct as its subject matter." 



Whether a science of comparative psychology is possible and, what- 

 ever answer is given to this question, what may be the relation between 

 the study of animal behavior and human psychology, are topics no- 

 where explicated. The treatment presented in this book, taken in 

 connection with other recent writings by the author, gives the impres- 

 sion that the work is intended as a general introduction to the science 

 broadly interpreted, and so it must be evaluated. 



An eminent student of animal behavior has recently written an 

 elementary textbook from the standpoint of "pure psychology," using 

 only introspective data, in which the student is nowhere given a hint 

 that "the mind has a body" or is in any way related to one. And 

 now his equally eminent colleague in the establishment of the "Ameri- 

 can school" of animal behavior seems to feel constrained to apply a 

 drastic antidote "from the standpoint of a behaviorist," using purely 

 objective data, in which the student is nowhere permitted to recognize 

 consciousness or t admit the need of that function. 



