RESTRAINT. 



or biting itself, lying clown, etc., while the temperature, condition 

 of the wound, and its surroundings, etc., must be observed, so that 

 any deviation from normal may be early remarked and precautions 

 taken in time. 



II.— MEANS OF CONTROL. 



Operation, or even local examination, is often impossible without 

 recourse to methods of restraint, of which an exceedingly numerous 

 choice is available, depending on the species of animal and the 

 operation to be performed. To begin with, the horse should be 

 securely bridled or haltered and held by a reliable man, who will 

 give his whole attention to the animal, and at once check any 

 indication of vice by calling to the animal, or similar means. 



Vicious horses may often 

 be quieted by the application 

 of blinds. Before casting, a 

 special well-fitting winker 

 bridle, the lower part of which 

 can easily be removed, should 

 be applied. The winkers 

 should be padded and pro- 

 vided with straps, by which 

 they can be brought together. 

 By preventing it seeing, blinds 

 often render the animal re- 

 markably tractable, while they 

 also protect the eyes when the 

 animal falls, and whilst it 

 remains on the ground. Some 

 persons use a sort of leather cap or hood which is drawn over the 

 animal's head. Some arrangement of the kind is indispensable when 

 horses have to re cast. A substitute may be extemporised from a 

 thick piece of cloth doubled several times, passed over the eyes, 

 and fastened to the back of the bridle. Horses which bite may be 

 muzzled. 



To divert the animal's attention from the local pain, twitches 

 are often applied to the upper or lower lip, or to the ear. They 

 produce most effect on well-bred horses. The simplest and most 

 frequently used twitch is formed of a strong cord, threaded through 

 the upper end of a stout rod. The end of the rod furthest from the 

 loop is provided with a cord, by which the twitch, when applied, 



Fig. 1.— " The blinds; 



