RESTRAINT. 



with the hand. The upper and lower horizontal branches are 

 separated by the rotation of movable nuts screwing on the two 



Fig. 13. — Showing the application of nose-ring and bull-leader. 



vertical connecting rods. Fig. 14 is VarnelPs form. The transverse 

 bars are covered with rubber. Until recently it was by far the most 



Fig. 15.— Bayei 



mouth-gag for horses and 

 oxen. 



Fig. 14.— Vamell's 



mouth-gag. 



Fig. 1(3. — Bayer's mouth-gag for dogs. 



popular form in this country. Fig. 17 is a design of Hertwig and 

 Fuchs, so modified by Joger as to render it very portable. 



During prolonged operations the gums become severely bruised, 

 even when the transverse bars of the gag are well covered with 



