RESTRAINT. 



II 



the mouth and pushed between the upper and lower rows of molars 

 as far as it will go. The instrument should be steadied in position 

 with one hand, whilst with the other the examination is made. As 

 the operator himself controls the gag, he has ample warning to with- 

 draw his hand in case of danger. Haussmann's mouth-gag for horses 

 (Figs. 20—22) is probably the best and most convenient. Whether 



Fig. 20. — Haussmann's mouth-gag (open). 



If 



Fig., 21.— Rubber-covered 

 plates for operations on 

 incisor teeth. 



Fig. 22. — Haussmann's mouth-gag (closed). 



it was first invented by Haussmann or by an unknown American 

 is open to question. In Germany it is known as Haussmann's ; 

 in England as the American mouth-gag. It possesses the important 

 advantage of pressing only on the incisor teeth, and therefore is 

 not liable to injure the mouth, however long its application ; it 

 leaves the cavity of the mouth entirely clear, a great point when 

 operating on teeth ; it is relaxed in a moment, and as readily 

 extended. It can be dismounted and packed small and flat for 



