18 SECURING OXEN. THE CRADLE, ETC. 



front and running through rings in the back portion. By pulling 

 on these straps the animal's fore and hind limbs are drawn together, 

 and it is effectually prevented from kicking either with the fore or 

 hind limbs. Many horses when thus secured lie down without 

 struggling. To secure the hind limbs hobbles are applied to the 

 pasterns, from each of which a broad band of webbing is carried 

 towards the centre of the chest from within outwards around the 

 forearm under the preceding portion and vertically upwards over 

 the withers. The two pieces of webbing may then be tied together. 

 Hess describes many very useful ways of fixing oxen, of which 

 the best are shown in the accompanying illustrations (Figs. 32, 33, 

 and 34). 



Fig. 36.— The " cradle " or " beads." 



Among other means of restraint must be numbered the side- 

 stick (Fig. 35), a cylindrical well-rounded stick of elm or other tough 

 wood fixed at one end to the head-collar and at the other to the 

 surcingle, thus limiting the movement of the head and neck. A 

 somewhat similar result is obtained by the use of the " cradle " 

 (Fig. 36). 



" The stocks," or " trevis," is so well known as scarcely to require 

 description here. It was used in classic Greece. It renders good 

 service in certain operations, but is too clumsy, too little adaptable, 

 and too large for many purposes. Farriers still use it for shoeing, 

 and country practitioners for operations on oxen and on heavy horses. 



AH vaccine institutes, and most foreign veterinary schools and 



