58 ANAESTHETICS. 



pound of body-weight. In twenty to i went y-fivc minutes the solution 

 produces its effect, and chloroform inhalation can be commenced. 

 A drachm or two is sufficient to produce complete anaesthesia, which 

 can be prolonged for one or two hours. The solution used in man 

 is as follows : 



Hydrochloride of morphine . . U grains. 



Sulphate of atropine .... 08 grain. 

 Distilled water •. . . . 2| fluid drachms. 



This solution is also preferable for the dog. Ten minims are 

 given to animals of small size, twenty to forty minims to animals 

 of medium size, and sixty to eighty minims to large dogs. Chloroform 

 is administered at the end of twenty -five minutes. This method 

 produces deep and prolonged anaesthesia. There is no danger of 

 syncope. 



Langlois and Maurange recommend, for the dog, sparteine, 

 morphine and chloroform. Fifteen minutes before inhaling chloro- 

 form, the dog is given a subcutaneous injection of sparteine sulphate 

 (i grain), and morphine hydrochloride (ith grain). 



The cat is very susceptible to the action of most anaesthetics. 

 Death may result from giving an overdose, from pushing the 

 anaesthetic rapidly, or from prolonging its action. 



A convenient method consists in placing the animal under a 

 bell-jar containing a small sponge or a tampon of wadding saturated 

 with chloroform. The animal soon loses consciousness and falls, 

 when it is removed and the operation performed. This method, 

 however, is not without danger ; the period of anaesthesia is short, 

 and if repeated inhalations are given there is some danger of the 

 animal succumbing. A modified Junker's apparatus is preferable. 

 Miiller, of Dresden, confirms the common experience that cats are 

 poisoned in a few minutes if chloroform be given rapidly, although 

 they bear considerable doses of ether very well. Forty-five grains 

 of chloral hydrate in the form of enema also proved fatal. 



The combination of atropine, morphine and chloroform, as given 

 above, may be employed, but the cat, being extremely sensitive to 

 the action of morphine, which in it produces great excitement, the 

 dose should not exceed '002 grain instead of -02 grain per pound 

 of body-weight. Guinard recommends another method permitting 

 of prolonged anaesthesia. He gives a hypodermic injection of 

 hydrochloride of morphine at the rate of "02 grain per pound of body- 

 weight, and at the end of a quarter of an hour to twenty minutes, 

 when excitement diminishes, he places the cat under a bell-jar with 

 a sponge saturated with chloroform. The animal should be removed 



