LOCAL ANESTHESIA. 59 



when anaesthesia first appears, but inhalation is best continued for 

 a few moments afterwards. Thus obtained, anaesthesia can be kept 

 up for forty-five minutes. The excitement due to morphine reappears 

 as anaesthesia diminishes, and may persist for some time. 



Negotin recommends Billroth's mixture (chloroform 3 parts, ether 

 and alcohol aa 1 part) or Wachsmuth's (chloroform 5, rectified oil 

 of turpentine 1 part) for dogs and cats. The ordinary A.C.E. mixture 

 (ether 3, chloroform 2, alcohol 1) is better than ecpial parts of ether 

 and chloroform. 



Negotin had indifferent results in carnivora and horses with 

 bichloride of ethylene, and in cats and dogs with bromoform. 



Monkeys may be placed in a cage closely covered with a cloth, and 

 containing in one corner a tampon of cotton wool saturated with 

 chloroform. The animal at first struggles, and then begins to fall 

 about the cage or to lean against the walls, at which stage it is 

 removed ; if the operation lasts for some time a further inhalation 

 is given. 



Birds may be placed under a bell-jar containing a sponge or 

 cotton-wool tampon saturated with chloroform. One edge of the 

 jar may be slightly raised to allow air to enter. Hering states that 

 birds may be hypnotised by placing the head under one of the wings, 

 and then rapidly turning the bird's body several times around its 

 long axis. 



Conclusions regarding General Anaesthesia. The above conclusions 

 may be summarised as follows : — ■ 



1. For horses the best anaesthetic is chloroform (inhaled) in doses 

 of 1 to 8 fluid ounces ; average dose, say, 3 ounces. 



2. For oxen : chloral hydrate, in doses of 12 to 20 drachms, or 

 whisky, brandy, or rum in doses of 1 to 2 pints. 



3. For sheep, goats, and swine : chloroform (inhaled) in doses 

 of 2i to 5 drachms. 



4. For dogs and cats : morphine (subcutaneously) in doses of 

 •75 to 15 grains, or equivalent doses of morphine and atropine, 

 followed by inhalations of ether, or chloroform given in small, care- 

 fully increased doses, or a mixture of chloroform, ether and alcohol. 



LOCAL ANAESTHESIA. 



The dangers of general anaesthesia have stimulated the search 

 for means of rendering insensitive the region of operation alone. 

 Prolonged compression of tissues and mediate compression of the 



