JIM) 



CASTRATION BY CLAMS. 



in consequence of too early separation of the eschar, infection of the 

 end of the cord, or extensive sloughing brought about by too vigorous 

 application of the cautery. Superficial sloughing of the end of the 

 cord follows light touches of the dull red cautery, but the sloughs 

 are small, generally aseptic, and harmless. 



Fig. 236. — Forceps for closing wooden clams. 



8. Castration with Clams is represented by two methods. In 

 the first a long incision is made through the floor of the scrotum, 

 parallel with the raphe, dividing the skin, tunica dartos, fascial layers, 

 and external vaginal covering, exposing the testicle and spermatic 

 cord. The cord, having been flattened out, is then enclosed in a 



Fig. 237.— Wooden clams. 



clam, consisting of two pieces of wood about four to eight inches 

 long, and J inch to f inch broad, united at one end by means of a 

 cord or hinge. The open ends are brought together with special 

 forceps and secured by tying with strong silk twist or whipcord, 

 or by the application of a leather cap, rubber ring, or brass fastening ; 

 and the cord is severed about half an inch from the clams. After 



