254 DISEASES OF THE LIPS AND CHEEKS. 



counter irritant. Such measures serve to satisfy the owner, and 

 the rubbing certainly appears to promote recovery. The frequently 

 recommended injection of veratrine into the cheek over the course 

 of the nerve has proved of little value. Electricity is seldom success- 

 ful owing to the excessive sensibility of the horse to this agent. 

 Goubaux advised electricity and counter-irritation ; and Baldoni 

 in a case of facial diplegia treated by the continuous current obtained 

 recovery in a month. In double-sided paralysis the principal 

 point is attention to the food, which should consist of mashes, gruel, 

 and green stuffs. Corn should be given crushed and in a deep 

 receptacle, so that the animal can more easily seize it with the teeth. 

 To avoid the tendency to dyspnoea, Schoneberger advised that wire 

 sutures be passed through each nostril, and brought together over 

 the nose ; while others recommend the excision of a portion of the 

 external wall of the nostril. Tracheotomy is sometimes useful. 



Voigtlander observed periodical attacks of cramp in the region supplied 

 by the N. facialis in a horse ; "on the right side the upper eyelid began 

 to twitch, a slight contraction like a shadow ran across the masseter as 

 far as the lip, and then began powerful contractions, which drew the right 

 half of the upper lip upwards and outwards, and set in motion the entire 

 half of the head behind the eye." These attacks came on every five 

 minutes, and occurred even during feeding. The owner stated that the 

 disease had been in existence for several years. 



A peculiar condition, probably nervous, described as ' w involuntary 

 shaking of the head," from the predominant symptom, is sometimes 

 seen in horses and often in ponies, especially during the warm months 

 of summer. On pulling up after exercise, or even in the stable, the 

 animals shake the head more or less violently according to the case, 

 the movement, continuous or intermittent, being from side to side, 

 or up and down. The cause is unknown, but the symptoms have 

 been attributed to neuralgia, parasites in the nasal chambers, and to 

 abnormal blood pressure in the brain. Treatment by purgatives or 

 sedatives (bromides and chloral) appears to give only temporary 

 relief, but section of the superior maxillary nerve at its exit from the 

 infraorbital foramen has been more or less beneficial. 



Degive noticed paralysis of the tongue and lips in horses, a disorder 

 which is said to be frequent in Belgium, and which has a certain resem- 

 blance to bulbar paralysis in man. He found general progressive paralysis 

 of the bulbar nerves, which was attended with salivation, paralysis of the 

 masticatory muscles and of those of the tongue and lips, with consequent 

 difficulty in eating, portions of the food falling out of the mouth. Paralysis 

 of the soft palate and pharyngeal muscles was sometimes present and 

 interfered with swallowing. The malady always ended in death, generally 



