WOUNDS OP THE AT.M OP THE NOSTRILS. 305 



Diagnosis is not difficult. The new growth may attain such 

 dimensions as to hinder mastication ; then the teeth at the affected 

 spot become loose and fall out, while symptoms of alveolar periostitis 

 are present. When in herbivora several neighbouring teeth are 

 loose, one should always look for epulis formation. Keiper observed 

 after fracture of the lower jaw in a foal a rapidly growing neoplasm, 

 which he regarded as sarcoma. In fourteen days it attained the 

 size of a child's head, and, owing to its position near the incisors, 

 prevented feeding. As it recurred after removal, the foal was killed. 



The prognosis is usually unfavourable. As soon as the new growth 

 spreads beyond the alveolus its complete removal becomes very 

 difficult. The tumour is apt to grow again from any portions 

 remaining. 



Treatment consists in complete extirpation, which, owing to the 

 position of the tumour, is difficult. As the operation is very painful, 

 an anaesthetic should be given. The growth may then be dissected 

 out, the last traces being removed with the curette or actual cautery, 

 Paquelin's form being the most useful. 



DENTAL TUMOURS. 



True dental tumours, odontomata, have very rarely been described 

 in domesticated animals. Imminger saw an odontosarcoma following 

 sarcoma of the jaw in a horse. Many of the " odontomata " recorded 

 in current literature are only large exostoses developed on teeth in 

 consequence of alveolar periostitis. 



Dental cysts, found in the most varying positions in the animal 

 body, are due to aberrant portions of the foetal paradental epithelium 

 and are dealt with elsewhere. Williams, after trephining a horse's 

 right superior maxillary sinus for an apparent tumour growth, found 

 in its interior several hundred rudimentary teeth. The growth had 

 extended into the mouth. 



III.— DISEASES OF THE NOSE, NOSTRILS, AND THE SPACES 

 COMMUNICATING WITH THEM. 



(A) WOUNDS OF THE ALJE, OF THE NOSTRILS. 



These occur most frequently in horses, which, when rapidly moving 

 the head, may chance to catch the nostrils on such objects as hooks 

 or nails. Sometimes they result from bites from other horses. Some 

 savage tribes slit the false nostril, thinking to assist breathing. 

 Injuries to the nose are less frequent in other animals. Though they 



