DISEASE OF THE FACIAL SINUSES. 313 



by extension of a disease like glanders, strangles, or catarrhal 

 inflammation from the nasal mucous membrane. 



Stockfleth found in this cavity a piece of bone, the result of 

 unskilful trephining. Stenersen found pieces of sand-sedge, which 

 had obtained entrance through the socket of a diseased upper molar. 

 Decomposed food may enter in the same way. Fractures of the 

 frontal and superior maxillary bones, and in cattle, injury of the 

 horn-core, also act as causes. 



Cadiot believes that chills due to cold external applications or 

 cold irrigation of the sinuses may promote disease. (Estrus larvae 

 are found in the nasal chambers of sheep and occasionally in the 

 facial sinuses of horses. 



In oxen the causes are usually fractures of the horn-core, or severe 

 bruising and necrosis of bone due to the yoke. Tumours are rarer 

 in oxen than in horses. 



Vahey saw a three year old bullock with slight enlargement above 

 the line of molar teeth on the left side, apparently involving the 

 maxillary sinus. In four months the head increased to nearly double 

 the normal size, and became much distorted. The left eye was almost 

 closed, probably by a large osteoma within the maxillary sinus. On 

 slaughter bony tumours were found " everywhere, all over the head." 

 Professor Mettam examined the skull. The largest tumour was 

 situated in the left maxillary sinus, and had protruded into the orbital 

 cavity. The smaller of the two tumours illustrated (Fig. 307) was 

 in the right maxillary sinus. Ten or twelve other smaller tumours 

 were obtained from different parts of the skull, and one the size of 

 the fist from the body of the inferior maxilla. This last was interesting 

 because it had included within it at least one incisor tooth. A tumour 

 was also removed from between the bodies of the premaxillse, and 

 one from the angle of the left ramus of the inferior maxilla. The 

 three tumours last mentioned were attached to or included within the 

 bones, but there " were no distinct pedicles." The bones in which 

 they were situated were reduced to mere shells. The large tumours 

 photographed were not pedunculated at all. Sections resembled 

 ivory. The larger of two was 16- 5 cm. in length, and 11 cm. in 

 greatest width. It had a circumference of 40 7 cm. It weighed 

 4 lbs. 3 ozs., or nearly 2 kilos. The smaller tumour was 8 cm. in 

 length, nearly 6 cm. in breadth, and weighed 12 ozs. (380 grammes). 

 Part of the surface of the larger tumour resembled a growing coral. 

 The remainder of the surface was bosselated. An irregular cavity 

 in the interior was filled with decomposing animal matter. Although 

 the osteoma was so hard and resistant to the saw, yet one half which 



