324 WOUNDS AND INJURIES OP THE SALIVARY GLANDS. 



appropriately be added. In one-sided bleeding from the lower portion 

 of the nostril, plugging may be necessary, but where this is resorted 

 to the patient must be carefully watched, and the plug secured by 

 tape; or tracheotomy can be performed, a tampon cannula inserted, 

 and both nostrils plugged. Even this, however, will not invariably 

 stop the bleeding. Insufflation of finely powdered alum has been 

 recommended, and is worth trying when the blood comes from the 

 lower portions of the nostrils. Where fatal results threaten, ergot 

 or adrenalin may be tried. Sohngen saw recovery in the horse after 

 subcutaneous injection of 12 grains extr. secal. cornut. Extractum 

 hydrastis canadensis is useful, but adrenalin chloride is now the best 

 haemostatic for bleeding from mucous membranes. Astrachanez 

 plugged the nostril with tampons of tow saturated with turpentine, 

 and injected turpentine into the nostril with success. 



In spontaneous bleeding in race horses considerable success has 

 attended the hypodermic injection of solution of adrenalin chloride. 

 Although fatal bleeding has been repeatedly observed in horses, 

 the flow usually ceases when the animal is kept quiet, and when 

 haemorrhage has lowered blood pressure. The head should be kept 

 elevated. 



IV.— DISEASES OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS. 

 (1.) WOUNDS AND INJURIES OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS. 



Owing to the position of the parotid it suffers from external 

 injuries more frequently than the other salivary glands. As long as 

 important blood-vessels are not injured, wounds of this gland are 

 not particularly serious. If proper treatment be adopted at once, 

 even the danger of salivary fistula is not great. The injuries most 

 to be feared are those in which the ducts of the gland, and especially 

 Stenson's duct, are injured. In sheep and dogs Stenson's duct passes 

 obliquely across the cheek, while in horses and cattle it partly lies pro- 

 tected below the jaw, and hence is less exposed to external wounds. 

 The duct is more frequently injured by sharp objects. The condition 

 may be recognised by the position of the wound, and the outflow 

 of clear saliva, the secretion of which is increased by feeding, ami 

 even by the sight of food. In many cases the wounds heal com- 

 pletely ; in others a small opening is left from which saliva discharges 

 (salivary fistula). To avoid this result, healing by first intention 

 must be sought for ; the flow of blood checked, the wound carefully 

 cleansed and sutured : during twenty-four to forty-eight hours the 



