INFLAMMATION OF THE JUGULAR VEIN. 411 



fevered, sweating and blowing. Moving the head from side to side, 

 depressing it or moving the jaws, as in eating, is attended with pain, 

 and in consequence the horse refuses to feed from the manger, though 

 he may eat or drink from a pail held up to his head. He loses strength, 

 and in less than a week will be found much emaciated and greatly 

 reduced in condition. When thrombus formation rapidly extends 

 towards the head, symptoms like those of " staggers " may appear, 

 with loss of power in locomotion, inability to stand steadily, followed 

 by gradual sinking from obstruction of the vascular outlets of the 

 brain. 



Complications. During the progress of infective jugular phlebitis, 

 death may take place quite suddenly from profuse haemorrhage 

 from the vein. Rapidly increasing oedema of the throat or parotid 

 region may cause roaring or intense dyspnoea, requiring, for its relief, 

 the insertion of a tracheotomy tube. Systemic infection may occur, 

 producing abscesses in various parts of the body, or occasionally 

 embolic pneumonia, which is invariably fatal. 



Prognosis. So far as the animal's life is concerned, simple 

 phlebitis usually takes a favourable course. Although obstruction 

 of the vein produces no lasting bad results, the animal cannot be 

 worked during the active stages of the disease, nor can a horse with 

 obliterated jugular usually be grazed, as from the pendant position 

 of the head during feeding it swells owing to interference with the 

 returning blood stream. Infective or suppurative phlebitis is always 

 a grave condition, and sometimes results in death. Even where 

 no serious complication supervenes, treatment must be continued 

 until suppuration has ceased. Obturation or obliteration of the 

 vein may occur in three or four weeks, but recurring suppuration 

 over the diseased vein may continue for two or three months or 

 longer. 



Treatment. From prophylactic considerations it is desirable 

 after blood-letting to rest the animal, and avoid any pressure on 

 the vein, especially below the wound, hence for twenty-four hours 

 the collar must not be worn. Moreover, everything likely to produce 

 extravasation must be avoided, and the fleam or lancet never applied 

 twice at the same spot. Where the wound has not closed after 

 removal of the pin, it should be washed with sublimate or carbolic 

 solution, to prevent decomposition of the extravasated blood. Once 

 the vein is thrombosed, it cannot again be rendered patent, nor 

 can further infection be prevented. Further mischief may some- 

 times be checked by repeated disinfection of the skin wound 

 with the above-named or similar antiseptics. Should inflammatory 



