624 



VESICAL CALCULUS. 



In mares, vesical calculi may generally be removed without in- 

 cision ; the urethra can be sufficiently dilated to admit a small 

 hand, and calculi the size of hens' eggs have thus been removed. 



Fig. 432. — Vesical calculus composed of phosphate and oxalate of lime. 

 Weight, 3§ ounces ; circumference, 7} inches. (Chinniah's case.) 



Forceps are used, and the urethra slowly dilated. A hand in the 

 rectum assists in securing the stone, which is withdrawn by steady 

 traction on the forceps. Moller removed by this method from the 



Fig. 433. — Cystic calculus removed by 

 V. Major Walker. 



Fig. 434. — Section of same 

 calculus. 



bladder of a mare a stone weighing nearly 2£ ozs. Hertwig divided 

 the urethra laterally, Kutzner the upper wall ; Fehsenmeir, after 

 dividing the urethra for the space of 2 inches in an upward direction, 

 withdrew by hand a stone weighing 7 ozs. Kramer removed one 



