INFLAMMATION OF THE URINARY BLADDER. 641 



Grintzer states having cured contraction of the neck of the bladder 

 which impeded catheterisation in a horse by clysters of chloral hydrate, 

 renewed at intervals of a quarter of an hour. 



VI.— INFLAMMATION OF THE URINARY BLADDER (CYSTITIS). 



Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the urinary bladder, 

 when not arising from infection, results from decomposition of the 

 urine (alkaline fermentation), and irritation produced by products 

 of such decomposition ; or from mechanical lesions produced by hard 

 bodies like cystic calculi. In females infective processes of the uterus 

 and vagina may extend to the bladder, especially soon after parturition. 

 Roder saw such a case in the cow. Frequently cystitis is due to 

 infection conveyed by the catheter. Finally, irritant substances, 

 cantharides, oil of turpentine, and the like, excreted in the urine, 

 may cause inflammation of the cystic mucous membrane. 



Inflammation of the outer surface of the bladder, that is, of the 

 serosa covering it (pericystitis), sometimes occurs as a diffuse peritonitis 

 after castration and similar causes. It may, however, appear locally 

 in consequence of chronic inflammation spreading from the uterus 

 or rectum. 



In a horse described by Oeben, which had suffered for four days 

 from colic, and had died after passing large quantities of faeces and 

 exhibiting continuous straining, the wall of the urinary bladder was 

 found to be nearly 2 inches thick, the walls of the rectum and of 

 the iliac arteries were as thick as a man's finger, but showed no 

 diminution of their lumen ; probably the inflammatory process had 

 started from the rectum. 



Siedamgrotzky was able, by washing out the bladder, to remove 

 a great quantity of sediment from a horse which had suffered from 

 enuresis paralytica, and which, though continually straining to pass 

 urine, could only eject small quantities in jerks, whilst at other times 

 discharge occurred involuntarily. The horse, however, died, and 

 on post-mortem was found to have suffered from purulent fibrinous 

 cystitis, pyelonephritis, and peritonitis. Friedberger reports a case 

 of chronic hemorrhagic purulent cystitis in the horse, caused by 

 cystic calculus. 



Symptoms. Repeated attempts to urinate and the passage of 

 small quantities of unhealthy urine point to the presence of the 

 disease. The animals often stretch out as if about to micturate ; 

 male animals may exhibit erections, and females contraction of the 

 vagina. Pressure through the rectum or vagina on the almost empty 



