PROLAPSE AND INVERSION OP THE URINARY BLADDER. 643 



with salicylic acid (one per cent, watery solution), carbolic acid (0-5 

 per cent.), sublimate (0-5 per 1,000), boric acid (2 per cent.), resorcin 

 (1 to 2 per cent.), protargol (3 per cent.), nitrate of silver (0-5 to 1 

 per cent.), or tannin (1 to 2 per cent.). The chief difficulty is, that 

 in male animals the treatment can only be carried out by experts. 

 The lotions should, of course, be warmed to body temperature. 

 Concretions and sediments are removed by vigorously washing out 

 the bladder, or by surgical operation. Chronic cystitis in the dog 

 has lately been treated with salol, which renders the alkaline urine 

 acid, clear, and free of offensive smell; It is well borne by the stomach, 

 and is decomposed by the pancreatic juice in the small intestine 

 into salicylic acid and phenol. This treatment may be supplemented 

 by giving milk diluted with Vichy water, or by frequent doses of 

 sodium bicarbonate. Constipation should be relieved by oil or 

 glycerine enemas, or by cascara pills. 



VII.- PROLAPSE, RETROFLEXION AND INVERSION OF THE 

 URINARY BLADDER. 



In cows and sows infrequently in bitches, the lower wall of 

 the vagina is ruptured during delivery, the urinary bladder passes 

 through the opening, and may even project beyond the vulva 

 (prolapsus vesicae). The condition is distinguished by the prolapsed 

 viscus being covered with serosa. Gradually it becomes distended, 

 and assumes an almost spherical form ; small quantities of urine are 

 discharged on pressure. By introducing the hand or finger into the 

 vagina close to the prolapsed portion, the rupture in the lower wall 

 can be felt. Occasionally in dogs and pigs the bladder may be found 

 in perineal and inguinal herniae, and its presence is seldom recognised 

 before opening the hernial sac. 



Diagnosis of prolapse is seldom difficult ; but as the condition 

 occurs during parturition, the swelling might possibly be mistaken 

 for the presenting foetal envelopes, and grave results ensue if 

 perforated under this erroneous idea. In the dog retroflexion of the 

 bladder is sometimes produced by the repeated expulsive efforts 

 which occur in obstinate constipation, enlarged prostate, and difficult 

 parturition. The pelvic connective tissues give way gradually under 

 the pressure on the bladder, which is forced back towards the anus 

 where it forms a soft, cyst-like swelling between the anus, buttock, and 

 base of the tail. Micturition is slow, but usually the urine can be 

 expelled. Occasionally, when the urethra is bent or compressed, 

 there is retention with straining, colicky pains, and suddenly 



