648 TUMOURS IN THE URETHRA AND BLADDER. 



seat not far from the orifice of the urethra, so that it could be grasped 

 with dressing forceps and removed. 



New growths in the bladder are more frequent ; they may be 

 either innocent, like fibromata, lipomata, myxomata, or malignant 

 (cancer). 



The collection in Copenhagen contains the bladder of a cow with 

 "fibrous cancer" (Bang). Pflug has seen carcinoma of the bladder in 

 a horse. Siedamgrotzky described epithelioma of the bladder in the Ik use ; 

 the disease had extended to the peritoneum and caused secondary growths 

 in the omentum. He also found in oxen leucocythsemic infiltration of 

 the wall of the bladder, the uterus, and the ligaments of the uterus. Esser 

 was able to diagnose by manual examination from the rectum during life 

 a large papilloma in the bladder of a cow. Wolff and Leisering discovered 

 myxomata in the same region. Cows appear to suffer from new growths 

 in the bladder oftener than horses, not infrequently from carcinomata ; 

 tuberculous growths are common near the openings of the ureters in 

 the Trigonum Vesicae Lieutaudii. Barnick discovered a tumour twice 

 as large as a man's head in the bladder of a horse which had died with 

 symptoms of difficulty in urination and colic. Tright found a myoxma 

 of the bladder in a dog. 



Demeurisse diagnosed cancer of the bladder in a bitch suffering from 

 cancer of the udder ; the growth could be recognised as a painful swelling 

 on examination per anum. The animal showed progressive emaciation 

 and died in a short time ; on post-mortem a perforation was found in the 

 upper wall of the bladder, through which urine had flowed into the 

 abdominal cavity. Near the neck of the bladder lay a carcinoma which 

 had prevented the passage of urine. 



Symptoms. Tumours in the urethra are recognised, like strictures. 

 by their causing gradually increased difficulty in urination. During 

 the act the stream of urine becomes smaller and smaller, until finally 

 drops alone are passed. Displacement of the tumour, slight swelling 

 of the mucous membrane, or the formation of a blood clot may tend 

 to the sudden development of symptoms. On passing the catheter 

 the obstruction is found to be more or less soft, which differentiates 

 a tumour from a urinary calculus. 



The growth of tumours in the bladder gradually diminishes its 

 capacity and causes urine to be passed more frequently. New growths 

 sometimes cause profuse bleeding ; the urine takes on a bloody 

 character, usually clots of various sizes axe discharged ; dysuria 

 may also occur, especially if the tumour lie near the neck of the bladder. 

 Purulent inflammation in some cases accompanies new growths ; 

 the urine appears turbid, and on standing deposits a sediment. The 

 presence of tumours in the bladder is often signalised by the deposit 

 of salts and the formation of precipitates, hence microscopical and 

 chemical examination of the urine should be employed to discover 



