656 PARALYSIS AND INJURIES OF THE PENIS. 



little disturbance, and no difficulty exists in urination. Neither 

 the mucous membrane of the prepuce nor of the glans is much altered, 

 and the disease seldom requires treatment except in house-dogs. 

 The causes are unknown. The popular idea that the disease is related 

 to similar affections in man appears unfounded. 



Treatment demands a good deal of patience. Injections of 

 astringents (sulphate or sulphocarbolate of zinc, 1-2 per cent. ; tannic 

 acid, 3-5 per cent. ; permanganate of potassium, 1 per 500), diminish 

 the secretion, which, however, returns as soon as the treatment ceases. 

 Even painting the inner surface of the prepuce with 1-5 per cent, 

 nitrate of silver solution is seldom of permanent benefit. The owner 

 or attendant may be entrusted with the application of the solution, 

 and instructed to use it three or four times a week. 



II.— PHYMOSIS, PARAPHYMOSIS, PARALYSIS OF THE MUSCLES OF 

 THE PENIS, INJURIES TO THE PENIS. 



Phymosis consists in an abnormally narrow condition of the 

 preputial opening preventing exposure of the glans. This con- 

 traction may finally cause difficulty in urination, or render it 

 impossible. Phymosis seldom occurs congenitally in animals, but 

 has been seen in dogs ; and it is produced by inflammatory swelling 

 of the prepuce or cicatricial contraction (compare with " Inflammation 

 of the Prepuce "). Under certain circumstances, if may form the 

 primary disease, and lead to retention and inspissation of smegma 

 with formation of so-called preputial calculi. Miller saw phymosis 

 in a bull with adhesion between the penis and prepuce, caused by 

 a layer of strong connective tissue. After dividing the adhesion, 

 the bull was incapable of coitus. 



Paraphymosis is a condition in which the glans cannot be retracted 

 into the prepuce, because either the opening is too narrow or the 

 glans too large. The peculiar formation of the penis and prepuce 

 in the dog explains why it is so frequent a sufferer. In horses the 

 outer fold of the sheath presents a wide opening through which the 

 penis is easily retracted, though, when the preputial folds are greatly 

 swollen, its return is sometimes impossible, — a condition which has 

 been described indifferently as paraphymosis or paralysis of the 

 penis. Whether simple paralysis of the muscles concerned in with- 

 drawing the penis into the prepuce ever occurs is doubtful. In such 

 case the retractor penis, which derives its motor filaments from the 

 4th and 5th lumbar nerves and from the N. haernorrhoidalis posterior, 

 would probably be affected. In disease of the spinal cord, we 



