670 INFLAMMATION OF THE TESTICLE AND EPIDIDYMIS. 



arc generally easily removable. The mobility of the tumour gives 

 sufficient indication on this point. If needful, the entire scrotum 

 can be removed along with the testicles without danger, as the 

 primitive methods of castrating ruminants clearly show. 



Various parasites, which also occur in the peritoneal cavity, are 

 Been in the scrotum and tunica vaginalis, such as Sclerostomum 

 armatum, Filaria papillosa, &c. They have no particular signifi- 

 cance, and are accidentally encountered in castration or when 

 making post-mortems. 



VII.— INFLAMMATION OF THE TESTICLE AND EPIDIDYMIS. 

 ORCHITIS, PERIORCHITIS, EPIDIDYMITIS. 



Inflammation of the testicle is certainly not frequent, though 

 it has been seen in different animals. Inflammation of the 

 epididymis, common in man during gonorrhoea, is seldom seen in 

 animals. 



Orchitis results from external violence, from bruises and injuries, 

 sometimes from inflammation extending from the urinary passages 

 to the spermatic ducts, and thence to the testicles ; metastatic 

 inflammation of the testicle is met with in pyaemia, glanders, &c. 

 Walraff insists on having seen enzootic orchitis with abscess formation 

 in horses and oxen, but nothing specific is known of its cause. Ludwig 

 found in a horse suffering from brain mischief abscess of both tes- 

 ticles ; Knese saw a similar affection in pigs. Caseous nodules 

 have been found in the testicles of tuberculous horses. Hess describes 

 a case of tuberculosis of the epididymis in a breeding bull. The 

 end of the epididymis formed a swelling as large as a goose's egg, 

 which was distinctly divided from the testicle by a circular depression. 



Symptoms and progress. The first symptom consists in swelling, 

 sometimes slow, sometimes rapid, but always very painful, especially 

 in acute inflammation ; the gait is, therefore, often straddling, and 

 sometimes the pain produces symptoms of colic. The scrotum 

 escapes as long as the tunica vaginalis remains intact, but, if 

 periorchitis also occur, cedema of the scrotum sets in. Infective 

 orchitis is always accompanied by fever. 



Aseptic inflammation of the testicle resulting from bruising 

 generally takes a favourable course. Bleeding may certainly occur, 

 and produce hematocele, but generally blood is readily absorbed, and 

 normal function restored. But that form of orchitis conveyed through 

 the medium of the urinary organs or produced metastatically 

 often produces pus formation or necrosis. The testicle is especially 



