CONTAGIOUS MAMMITIS. 711 



are imperative. The hands of the milkers and the udders and teats 

 of the healthy cows should be washed and disinfected before and 

 after milking, and attendants on infected cows should not be 

 allowed to come in contact with healthy cattle. As a rule the milk 

 from the diseased udders should be destroyed. Further treatment 

 consists in attempting to destroy or render innocuous the infective 

 material in the udder and to combat inflammatory changes. The 

 former may be effected by injecting disinfectants, though practi- 

 tioners hold very different views as to their action ; and while some 

 advise injections, others consider they are of no particular value. 

 Though they penetrate the galactophorous sinuses and larger milk 

 canals, they fail to reach the smaller milk ducts and acini. 



Nocard advised the injection of a 4 per cent, warm solution 

 of boric acid, repeated two or three times at intervals of five or 

 six days. Others recommend 3 per cent, solution of sodium 

 fluoride, Sanitas, or hydrogen peroxide. Eggeling advises injecting 

 with a rubber canula a one-fifth per cent, to one-quarter per cent, 

 sublimate solution into the galactophorous sinus, distributing it 

 as much as possible by cautious manipulation, and removing it in 

 ten to fifteen minutes by milking. Franck used 2 per cent, alum 

 or 25 per cent, carbolic solution. Kiekhafer had good results from 

 injecting 4 per cent, solution of boric acid and washing the udder 

 externally with 5 per 1,000 sublimate solution. When the healthy 

 quarters still give milk, carbolic acid must be avoided, because it 

 makes the milk impotable. Weak solutions of iodine in potassium 

 iodide are worth trying. The solution should only be of a very light 

 sherry colour. It can then be freely injected. The udder should 

 be stripped beforehand, the fluid injected, the parts freely massaged, 

 and the fluid withdrawn. 



Johne saw in cows furunculosis of the udder, which spread rapidly in 

 the affected herds, and lasted for several months. Hard, red, painful 

 swellings, as large as a hazel or walnut, occurred in the skin of the udder, 

 generally at the base of the back teats. The neighbouring tissues were also 

 inflamed, often appeared livid, and the diseased centre soon increased to 

 the diameter of a child's fist. After three to four days it pointed and 

 broke, when a necrotic core was discharged along with the pus, in which, 

 on microscopical examination, a dead hair-follicle could be detected. 

 Granulation and healing soon occurred. 



As a precautionary measure, Johne made the attendant wash both 

 the udder and his hands twice daily with carbolic solution. Inoculation 

 experiments were without result. 



