718 TREATMENT OF STENOSIS OF THE TEAT DUCT. 



hand, and attempts made to distend it with milk. The instrument 

 is then introduced £ to f of an inch, and the milk duct divided. As 

 the milk afterwards flows away obliquely, it is best to divide the 

 anterior teats in a backward and the posterior ones in a forward 

 direction, to direct the stream in each case towards the milking-pail. 



The result of division is often unsatisfactory, the wound growing 

 up again, and stenosis becoming, if possible, still more pronounced. 

 Inflammation of the udder may also follow, in consequence of infection 

 with micro-organisms always to be found in the mammary duct 

 below the sphincter. Inflammation therefore sometimes occurs, 

 despite antisepsis. For this reason the cavity should first be 

 disinfected by injecting a 1 in 1,000 sublimate solution, and the 

 obstruction then divided with a sterilised " milk needle." Con- 

 genital atresia is most easily dealt with ; here it is often sufficient 

 to make a cross-shaped incision or a puncture with an inoculating 

 needle or similar instrument. 



In acquired stenosis which resists other treatment, Bang 

 recommends amputating the lower end of the teat just over the 

 mammary duct ; the sphincter can be distinctly felt here, and its 

 position easily determined. The animal's hind-feet are secured, 

 and the end of the teat cut away with strong scissors, the skin being 

 as far as possible preserved. In Denmark special forceps are used, 

 and the teat grasped, so that the parts can be removed with one 

 powerful cut just below the forceps. Bleeding is slight. The parts 

 must be kept as clean as possible, to prevent inflammation in the 

 affected division of the udder. For a short time milk flows away 

 continuously, but this can be prevented by applying a suitable 

 rubber ring. During the healing process, the parts gradually 

 contract, involuntary discharge ceases, and the animal can again 

 be milked in the usual manner. 



In closure of the upper parts of the teat by indurated masses 

 of tissue, a passage may be made by passing a thin trocar, the cannula 

 being left in position for some time, so as to prevent adhesion, 

 whilst the milk is prevented flowing away by stopping the cannula 

 with a cork. The trocar is also useful in occlusion of the duct by 

 folds of mucous membrane, though success is often only temporary. 

 It has been suggested to remove such obstructions by dividing them 

 with the " milk needle." In this case also relief is rarely lasting. 



Madsen eradicated papillomatous growths from the galacto- 

 phorous sinus by disinfecting the parts carefully, slitting the base 

 of the teat, removing the growth and suturing the wound. 



Septa in the sinus or duct have been ruptured by force applied 



