720 CYSTS AND TUMOURS OF THE UDDER. 



swelling of the lymph glands. In bitches, the skin is often under 

 great tension, the swelling sinks and forms a pendulous tumour, 

 and its position then favours injury and ulceration. 



In forming a prognosis, the nature, seat, and size of the new 

 growth must be taken into account. In cows, warts on the teats 

 give pain during milking, thus rendering the animals restless, and do 

 not disappear spontaneously as in other positions, like the mouth. 



Operative removal is not difficult, but the pain during milking is 

 not diminished but rather increased on account of the wound. It 

 is therefore best to wait until lactation ceases. If this cannot be 

 done, pedunculated warts must be removed close to the skin, using 

 scissors, and the surface cauterised with nitrate of silver, which will 

 also check any slight bleeding. In case of subsequent pain during 

 milking, the milk must be removed from the affected quarter by the 

 teat syphon. 



Warts on the surface of the udder only require treatment when 

 they interfere with milking. In attempting enucleation, the gland 

 substance must be carefully avoided, and therefore it is well to defer 

 operation until after lactation, or remove the milk by syphon, bearing 

 in mind the precautions mentioned in the section on " Stenosis of 

 the Teat Duct." 



In bitches, malignant and other tumours, even if extensively 

 developed, may generally be removed without danger to life. The 

 general rules for such cases are to operate in the loose connective 

 tissue, remove secondary growths as far as possible, and suture the 

 skin, so that after applying a dressing, rapid union may occur. A 

 dose of morphine prevents the animal loosening the stitches. Should 

 primary union not be obtained, the parts are treated as an open 

 wound. The fact that the dog licks the wound usually renders 

 cleansing unnecessary, and healing almost always occurs without 

 difficulty, even after removal of malignant tumours. Secondary 

 growths certainly often occur, but operation may be repeated. Even 

 though recovery is not complete, the owner is often contented if the 

 animal's life is prolonged for a few years. 



Up to the present, diseases of the ovary in animals have received 

 little attention ; the ovary seldom appears to become inflamed, 

 whilst tumours are usually only discovered on slaughter. Various 

 writers recommend, however, in nymphomania of cattle, to crush 

 or puncture the cysts sometimes met with in the ovaries by operation 

 through the wall of the rectum or vagina. 



The radical cure is ovariotomy or oophorectomy, for a description 

 of which see page 230 et seq. 



