VACCINATION. IMMUNIZATION. INOCULATION 237 



the disease; (3) when private and general interests will be bene- 

 fited by the disease passing through the herd as rapidly as possible 

 (shortening the period of continuance of the infection and conse- 

 quently reducing the restrictions of police regulations and the 

 economical disadvantages). When emergency vaccination is re- 

 quired by law (sheep pox) it is called compulsory vaccination. 

 Permitting the infection of contagious pneumonia and influenza to 

 spread among a lot of horses by not separating the healthy from 

 the sick has an effect similar to that of emergency vaccination. 



Veterinary Police Regulations Concerning Vaccination 

 The only legal regulations in Germany concerning vaccination 

 refer to lung plague, sheep pox, and swine erysipelas. The German 

 veterinary sanitary law of June 26, 1909, in § 23, mentions the 

 vaccination of susceptible animals among the measures which may 

 be instituted for protection against infectious diseases. § 51 pro- 

 vides that vaccination for lung plague can be undertaken only 

 under oflacial direction. § 56 contains the same restrictions re- 

 garding vaccination of sheep for pox and forbids protective vacci- 

 nation particularly. On the other hand, when the presence of 

 pox is established the vaccination of all animals in the flock is 

 required by § 53 (emergency vaccination). Under § 54, the vacci- 

 nation of all flocks threatened by the disease and of all sheep in 

 the same section can be oflBcially required (precautionary vacci- 

 nation) when sheep pox has obtained a great extension, or when 

 there is danger that it will invade neighboring flocks. § 60 provides 

 that when swine erysipelas becomes widespread the vaccination 

 of the endangered swine of a herd, of a locality or of a large dis- 

 trict may be ordered (precautionary vaccination). It is left with 

 the government to determine when and under what conditions 

 vaccination may be undertaken in other cases. 



Protective Vaccination for the Different Animal Infections 

 Anthrax. Two methods of vaccination deserve special consideration: 

 Vaccination according to Pasteur with attenuated cultures, and vaccination 

 according to Sobernheim with serum and cultures. 



