VACCINATION. IMMUNIZATION. INOCULATION 247 



the vaccine and the process of vaccmation according to Arloing's method 

 (Lyons method) is as follows: 40 grams (1 part) of diseased muscle tissue is 

 quickly dried at 33° C. and imiformly mixed with 80 grams (2 parts) of water. 

 The entire amount is then divided into 12 parts of 10 grams each, each part 

 is placed in a suitable flat dish and dried for 6 hours in a thermostat. One- 

 half is kept at a temperature of 100° C. in order to obtain the weaker-acting 

 first vaccine, and the other half is exposed to a temperature of 85° C. to 

 produce the stronger second vaccine. The vaccination is carried out in two 

 sections, the first with the weaker and the second with the stronger vaccine. 

 The dried brownish crust in the plates is used in the vaccination; this material 

 can also be stored for a long tune. For the first vaccination, 0.1 gram of the 

 material which was heated at 100° C. is triturated in a disinfected mortar 

 with 5 grams of water, the contents of a 5-gram Pravaz syringe. The mixture 

 is then filtered through a clean piece of linen and the filtrate is drawn up into 

 the syringe, the piston of which is marked off in half-cubic centimetres and 

 provided with a movable disk to be used in measuring the dose. The quantity 

 of the vaccine injected into each animal is 0.5 c.c, so that the syringe will 

 hold sufficient for 10 animals. 



The point of the first vaccination is the under surface of the tail, three 

 hand-breadths from the tip. After the hair is clipped, the trocar which accom- 

 panies the syringe is inserted obliquely through the skin and passed up- 

 wards between the skin and bones about 8 cm.; it is then removed, the canula 

 of the syringe introduced through the same wound and the vaccine, after 

 being mixed by shaking the syringe, is slowly injected. To prevent the vac- 

 cine from flowing out, the point of entrance is compressed and the injected 

 fluid is pressed upward with the thumb. If any bleeding occurs, the injection 

 is delayed until the hemorrhage is checked, or another place is chosen. Finally, 

 a rubber bandage 2 cm. in width is placed upon the point of injection and 

 allowed to remain four hours for the purpose of preventing the escape of 

 the vaccine. In this way, it is said, 20 to 25 animals can be vaccinated in an 

 hour, the animals being held by three assistants. Ten days after the first 

 vaccination, the animals are vaccinated with the second or stronger vaccine. 

 The second vaccination is carried out in the same manner as the first except 

 that the injection is made only two hand-breadths from the tip. The most 

 favorable season for vaccination is spring, or the close of winter. The vacci- 

 nation is not followed by any sequelae. The vaccination experiments carried 

 out in different countries (France, Switzerland, Austria, Germany) have 

 estabUshed that the Lyons method of protective vaccination undoubtedly 

 reduces the mortality from black leg very considerably. 



2. The Munich Method of vaccination, or Kitt's method, consists of 

 a single subcutaneous injection on the under surface of the tail. The vaccine 



