VACCINATION. IMMUNIZATION. INOCULATION 263 



The local reaction consists of an infiltration at the site of injection, form- 

 ing a large, abrupt, painful swelUng with radiating lymphatics appealing as 

 raised cords, generaUy attaining greatest prominence at from 18 to 21 hours 

 after injection. The general reaction is exhibited by a sti£Fened gait, depres- 

 sion, loss of appetite, and accelerated breathing. 



3. The presence of a local reaction, especially when associated with a 

 general reaction, should be regarded as evidence of glanders, even if the 

 thermal reaction be slight or absent. 



4. Animals giving an atypical reaction and those reaching a ma.ximum 

 temperature of 103° F. should be retested after the expiration of not less than 

 15 days.] 



(c) Cutaneous malleinization consists of the injection of mallein 

 into the scarified skin and the pronounced local swelling which is 

 produced. The method is complicated, technically difficult and 

 the reaction varies with the method of application (superficiaJ or 

 deep scarification). 



Directions for Applying the Mallein Eye Test. 



I. Nature of the Test.-Horse8 infected with glanders are hypersensitive 

 to mallem. They therefore react when mallein is instilled into the conjunc 

 tival sac with specific local symptoms of mflammation. The specific reaction 

 IS a pronounced redness and swelhng and a purulent inflammation of the 

 conjunctiva of the eyeUds, especially in the inner canthus of the eye (drops 

 of pus, flakes of pus in the discharge, purulent discharge). A serous sero- 

 mucous or mucous discharge is not specific. The specific reaction does not 

 begin immediately, but at the earliest 5 to 6 hours after the instillation of the 

 mallein; it usually continues for 36 to 48 hours, sometimes longer. The best 

 tune to observe it is from the twelfth to the twenty-fourth hour. The slight 

 symptoms of irritation of the conjunctiva (tears, photophobia, alight redaess 

 of the conjunctiva), which occur in many horses very soon after the mallein 

 IS mstflled and disappear after a few hours, must not be mistaken for th<> 

 specific mallein reaction. 



II. AppUcation—Either fluid maUem (raw maUein) or dry [precipitated] 

 mallein is used. ^ >^ f 



With a brush or dropper (eye pipette), a few drops of fluid, undiluted 

 mallem or of a freshly-prepared 1 percent, solution of dry [precipitated] mallein 

 m distilled water or physiological salt solution are introduced into the right 

 eye. The left eye serves as a control. 



In order that the eye may be examined for the symptoms of the specific 

 reaction m dayhght, it is recommended that the test be begun m the morning 



