HUMAN AND ANIMAL EVOLUTION CONTRASTED 17 



SO sharply in contrast to other animals are under the 

 influence of a different set of laws. If so, these con- 

 clusions of helplessness which come from the eugen- 

 ics may not be well founded. 



Man As an Animal Contrasted with Man As a 



Social Unit 



In man there are two more or less distinct natures. 

 These we may perhaps best understand under the 

 terms of his animal and his social nature. By the 

 former he possesses his body with its bones and 

 muscles, its brain and sense organs, its instincts 

 and mental powers. By the latter he has those 

 attributes that make him a social unit. His animal 

 nature makes him an animal much like others, but it 

 is the other side of his nature that makes him a man 

 in the unique sense in which that term is commonly 

 used when contrasted with animal. While it is true 

 that his evolution as an animal may have been con- 

 trolled by the same laws as those that have pro- 

 duced the evolution of the rest of the animal world, 

 this does not necessarily apply to his evolution as a 

 social individual, since this particular development 

 has been a unique one. It is one purpose of this work 

 to show that this social evolution has not been con- 

 trolled by the same laws that have dominated or- 

 ganic evolution in general. 



The contrast between the animal man and the 

 social man is an extraordinary one, but one which 

 science rarely take the pains to draw. Man the 

 animal, except as concerns his brain and brain 

 power, does not by any means stand at the summit 

 of the animal kingdom. Many animals excel him in 

 strength, in agility, in ability to defend themselves 



