HUMAN AND ANIMAL EVOLUTION CONTRASTED 21 



some of the higher animals. Mental powers too he 

 shares with them; although manifestly they are 

 more developed and upon a higher plane, since his 

 mind is capable of much that is quite beyond the 

 capacity of other animals. Concerning all these ani- 

 mal characteristics, the logic of the argument that 

 human evolution has been controlled by the same law 

 as that of animals is irrefutable. Since man is so 

 closely like other animals, all of the arguments which 

 apply to the organic nature in general apply also to 

 him, and logical consistency forces us to recognize 

 the origin of this being as the result of the same 

 forces that have produced other species. 



But there is the second phase of human life which, 

 more than his animal nature, constitutes the real 

 nature of mankind, and this consists not in the char- 

 acters he possesses as an animal but in those which 

 he possesses as being a member of society. These 

 he does not share with any animals, and, as we shall 

 see later, he owes them to a totally different set of 

 laws from those which have determined his animal 

 characteristics. To this whole set of characteristics 

 the conclusions of eugenics, and the rather hope- 

 less deductions from modern studies of heredity, fail 

 to apply. 



The Characteristics of Social Man 



To set more clearly before us the real significance 

 of the social characteristics of man we will here 

 briefly outline the primary features that man owes 

 to his social in contrast to his organic nature. When 

 we try to analyze human attributes with this in mind 

 we are possibly surprised to find how large a part of 

 them depend upon the social nature. We may clas- 



